Diagnosaurus
Cholelithiasis (gallstones)
Etiology
Risk factors
- Genetic, eg, Native Americans
- Chronic hemolysis
- Obesity, rapid weight loss, prolonged fasting
- Crohn’s disease
- Diabetes mellitus or glucose intolerance
- Cirrhosis
- Pregnancy, hormone replacement, oral contraceptives
- Other drugs, eg, clofibrate, ceftriaxone, octreotide
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Last updated: December 1, 2014
Citation
Zeiger, Roni F.. "Cholelithiasis (gallstones)." Diagnosaurus, 4th ed., McGraw-Hill Education, 2014. Emergency Central, emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/Diagnosaurus/114712/all/Cholelithiasis__gallstones_.
Zeiger RFR. Cholelithiasis (gallstones). Diagnosaurus. McGraw-Hill Education; 2014. https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/Diagnosaurus/114712/all/Cholelithiasis__gallstones_. Accessed November 4, 2025.
Zeiger, R. F. (2014). Cholelithiasis (gallstones). In Diagnosaurus (4th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education. https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/Diagnosaurus/114712/all/Cholelithiasis__gallstones_
Zeiger RFR. Cholelithiasis (gallstones) [Internet]. In: Diagnosaurus. McGraw-Hill Education; 2014. [cited 2025 November 04]. Available from: https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/Diagnosaurus/114712/all/Cholelithiasis__gallstones_.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
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