Pulmonary hypertension

Etiology

  • Primary pulmonary hypertension
  • Chronic pulmonary embolism
  • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
  • Interstitial lung disease
  • Sleep apnea
  • Pickwickian syndrome (obesity-hypoventilation syndrome)
  • Scleroderma or other connective tissue disease
  • Left to right intracardiac shunt
  • Drugs or toxins: fenfluramine, dexfenfluramine, phentermine, bleomycin, amiodarone, talc (via IV drug use)
  • Radiation
  • Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease
  • Valve disease: mitral stenosis, mitral regurgitation, aortic stenosis
  • Left-sided heart failure
  • Atrial myxoma
  • High altitude (chronic mountain sickness)
  • Polycythemia vera
  • Cirrhosis with portal hypertension
  • HIV
  • Schistosomiasis
  • Sickle cell disease

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Last updated: December 1, 2014