Headache

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  • Subarachnoid hemorrhage
  • Meningitis
  • Temporal (giant cell) arteritis
  • Glaucoma
  • Hypertension
  • Cerebral ischemia
  • Arterial dissection (carotid or vertebral)
  • Brain tumor

Intracranial

  • Migraine
  • Cluster headache
  • Subarachnoid hemorrhage
  • Meningitis
  • Brain abscess
  • Temporal (giant cell) arteritis
  • Hypertension
  • Caffeine, alcohol, or drug withdrawal
  • Pseudotumor cerebri
  • Subdural hemorrhage
  • Cerebral ischemia
  • Arterial dissection (carotid or vertebral)
  • Arteriovenous malformation
  • Head injury
  • Neurocysticercosis
  • Venous sinus thrombosis (intracranial venous thrombosis)
  • Post-lumbar puncture
  • Carbon monoxide poisoning
  • Preeclampsia

Extracranial

  • Tension headache
  • Sinusitis
  • Cervical arthritis
  • Glaucoma
  • Refractive error
  • Dental abscess
  • Otitis media
  • Temporomandibular joint syndrome
  • Depression
  • Somatoform disorder (eg, somatization)
  • Trigeminal neuralgia
  • Glossopharyngeal neuralgia

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Last updated: December 1, 2014