Ascites (expanded list)

Ascites (expanded list) is a topic covered in the Diagnosaurus.

To view the entire topic, please or .

Emergency Central is a collection of disease, drug, and test information including 5-Minute Emergency Medicine Consult, Davis’s Drug, McGraw-Hill Medical’s Diagnosaurus®, Pocket Guide to Diagnostic Tests, and MEDLINE Journals created for emergency medicine professionals. Explore these free sample topics:

-- The first section of this topic is shown below --

Etiology

Normal peritoneum

  • Portal hypertension (serum-ascites albumin gradient [SAAG] ? 1.1 g/dL)
    • Liver disease
      1. Cirrhosis (most common)
      2. "Mixed ascites" (portal hypertension with secondary process, eg, malignancy, infection)
      3. Alcoholic hepatitis
      4. Fulminant hepatic failure
      5. Massive hepatic metastases
      6. Hepatic fibrosis
      7. Acute fatty liver of pregnancy
    • Hepatic congestion (usually SAAG ? 1.1 g/dL and ascites total protein >2.5 g/dL)
      1. Congestive heart failure, constrictive pericarditis, tricuspid insufficiency
      2. Budd-Chiari syndrome, veno-occlusive disease
    • Portal vein occlusion
  • Hypoalbuminemia (SAAG < 1.1 g/dL)
    • Nephrotic syndrome
    • Protein-losing enteropathy
    • Severe malnutrition with anasarca
  • Miscellaneous conditions (SAAG < 1.1 g/L)
    • Chylous ascites
    • Pancreatic ascites
    • Bile ascites
    • Nephrogenic ascites
    • Urine ascites
    • Myxedema (SAAG ? 1.1 g/dL)
    • Ovarian disease

Diseased peritoneum (SAAG < 1.1 g/dL except in "mixed ascites" with portal hypertension and secondary process, eg, infection, malignancy)

  • Infections
    • Bacterial peritonitis
    • Tuberculous peritonitis
    • Fungal peritonitis
    • HIV-associated peritonitis
  • Malignant conditions
    • Peritoneal carcinomatosis
    • Primary mesothelioma
    • Pseudomyxoma peritonei
    • Massive hepatic metastases
    • Hepatocellular carcinoma
  • Other conditions
    • Familial Mediterranean fever
    • Vasculitis
    • Granulomatous peritonitis
    • Eosinophilic peritonitis

-- To view the remaining sections of this topic, please or --

Etiology

Normal peritoneum

  • Portal hypertension (serum-ascites albumin gradient [SAAG] ? 1.1 g/dL)
    • Liver disease
      1. Cirrhosis (most common)
      2. "Mixed ascites" (portal hypertension with secondary process, eg, malignancy, infection)
      3. Alcoholic hepatitis
      4. Fulminant hepatic failure
      5. Massive hepatic metastases
      6. Hepatic fibrosis
      7. Acute fatty liver of pregnancy
    • Hepatic congestion (usually SAAG ? 1.1 g/dL and ascites total protein >2.5 g/dL)
      1. Congestive heart failure, constrictive pericarditis, tricuspid insufficiency
      2. Budd-Chiari syndrome, veno-occlusive disease
    • Portal vein occlusion
  • Hypoalbuminemia (SAAG < 1.1 g/dL)
    • Nephrotic syndrome
    • Protein-losing enteropathy
    • Severe malnutrition with anasarca
  • Miscellaneous conditions (SAAG < 1.1 g/L)
    • Chylous ascites
    • Pancreatic ascites
    • Bile ascites
    • Nephrogenic ascites
    • Urine ascites
    • Myxedema (SAAG ? 1.1 g/dL)
    • Ovarian disease

Diseased peritoneum (SAAG < 1.1 g/dL except in "mixed ascites" with portal hypertension and secondary process, eg, infection, malignancy)

  • Infections
    • Bacterial peritonitis
    • Tuberculous peritonitis
    • Fungal peritonitis
    • HIV-associated peritonitis
  • Malignant conditions
    • Peritoneal carcinomatosis
    • Primary mesothelioma
    • Pseudomyxoma peritonei
    • Massive hepatic metastases
    • Hepatocellular carcinoma
  • Other conditions
    • Familial Mediterranean fever
    • Vasculitis
    • Granulomatous peritonitis
    • Eosinophilic peritonitis

There's more to see -- the rest of this topic is available only to subscribers.