Diagnosaurus
Hyperprolactinemia
Etiology
Physiologic
- Pregnancy
- Postpartum
- Suckling
- Nipple stimulation
- Macroprolactinemia (relatively inactive "big prolactin")
- Idiopathic
- Exercise
- Sleep (REM phase)
- Stress (trauma, surgery)
- Psychotropics
- Cimetidine
- Tricyclic antidepressants
- Oral contraceptives
- Marijuana
- Prolactinoma
- Hypothyroidism
- Cirrhosis
- Renal failure
- Acromegaly (pituitary tumor may cosecrete prolactin & growth hormone)
- Hypothalamic disease
- Other growth near pituitary
- Systemic lupus erythematosus
- Chronic chest wall stimulation (nipple piercing, mastectomy, thoracotomy, herpes zoster, breast augmentation)
- Multiple sclerosis
- Optic neuritis
- Spinal cord lesions
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Last updated: December 1, 2014
Citation
Zeiger, Roni F.. "Hyperprolactinemia." Diagnosaurus, 4th ed., McGraw-Hill Education, 2014. Emergency Central, emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/Diagnosaurus/114304/all/Hyperprolactinemia.
Zeiger RFR. Hyperprolactinemia. Diagnosaurus. McGraw-Hill Education; 2014. https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/Diagnosaurus/114304/all/Hyperprolactinemia. Accessed November 3, 2025.
Zeiger, R. F. (2014). Hyperprolactinemia. In Diagnosaurus (4th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education. https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/Diagnosaurus/114304/all/Hyperprolactinemia
Zeiger RFR. Hyperprolactinemia [Internet]. In: Diagnosaurus. McGraw-Hill Education; 2014. [cited 2025 November 03]. Available from: https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/Diagnosaurus/114304/all/Hyperprolactinemia.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - ELEC
T1 - Hyperprolactinemia
ID - 114304
A1 - Zeiger,Roni F,
Y1 - 2014/12/01/
BT - Diagnosaurus
UR - https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/Diagnosaurus/114304/all/Hyperprolactinemia
PB - McGraw-Hill Education
ET - 4
DB - Emergency Central
DP - Unbound Medicine
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