Hypokalemia
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Etiology
Decreased potassium intake Potassium shift into cell
- Insulin excess, eg, postprandial
- Alkalosis
- Beta-adrenergic agonists
- Trauma (possibly via epinephrine)
- Hypokalemic periodic paralysis
- Primary hyperaldosteronism
- Secondary hyperaldosteronism (dehydration, heart failure)
- Renovascular or malignant hypertension
- Cushing's syndrome
- European licorice (inhibits cortisol)
- Renin-producing tumor
- Congenital abnormality of steroid metabolism (eg, adrenogenital syndrome, 17?-hydroxylase defect)
- Diuretics (furosemide, thiazides)
- Salt-losing nephropathy
- Unreabsorbable anion
- Carbenicillin, penicillin
- Fanconi's syndrome
- Interstitial nephritis
- Metabolic alkalosis (bicarbonaturia)
- Bartter's syndrome
- Liddle's syndrome
- Vomiting, diarrhea, laxative abuse
- Villous adenoma, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma)
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Etiology
Decreased potassium intake Potassium shift into cell
- Insulin excess, eg, postprandial
- Alkalosis
- Beta-adrenergic agonists
- Trauma (possibly via epinephrine)
- Hypokalemic periodic paralysis
- Primary hyperaldosteronism
- Secondary hyperaldosteronism (dehydration, heart failure)
- Renovascular or malignant hypertension
- Cushing's syndrome
- European licorice (inhibits cortisol)
- Renin-producing tumor
- Congenital abnormality of steroid metabolism (eg, adrenogenital syndrome, 17?-hydroxylase defect)
- Diuretics (furosemide, thiazides)
- Salt-losing nephropathy
- Unreabsorbable anion
- Carbenicillin, penicillin
- Fanconi's syndrome
- Interstitial nephritis
- Metabolic alkalosis (bicarbonaturia)
- Bartter's syndrome
- Liddle's syndrome
- Vomiting, diarrhea, laxative abuse
- Villous adenoma, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma)
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