Cannabinoids and Synthetic Cannabinoids Poisoning
Basics
Description
Description
- Cannabinoids are a broad, structurally diverse group, united by their binding to and agonist properties at the cannabinoid receptor
- Marijuana is plant matter from Cannabis sativa:
- It can be processed into:
- A pressed resin (hashish, hash)
- An oil extracted from the resin (hashish oil)
- Extracted into a solvent (butane hash oil [BHO], 710, dab, wax, shatter, etc.)
- Primary psychoactive compound is tetrahydrocannabinol (THC):
- THC content varies significantly between products, with the extracted forms typically having higher percentages
- Cannabinol and cannabidiol (CBD) are less/minimally psychoactive and are present in varying proportions
- The legal status of recreational and medicinal purposes varies on a state-to-state basis
- It can be processed into:
- Synthetic cannabinoids are an ever-changing group of cannabinoid receptor agonists, which may be more closely tied by their marketing strategy than by any similarities in chemical structure or toxidrome
- This group emerged in 2004, as herbal incense blends, laced with a synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist
- Toxidromes are much more severe
- Inhaled or ingested:
- When inhaled, peak concentrations are reached in 3–10 min
- When ingested, onset may take up to 3 hr, with peak effects at 2–6 hr
Epidemiology
Incidence and Prevalence EstimatesEpidemiology
- Marijuana is the most commonly used illicit xenobiotic in the U.S.
- Males have a higher incidence of use across other demographics
- A 2017 survey reported 49.5% of respondents >12 yr had used marijuana in their lifetime with 19% having used in the past year
- 5.3% of respondents aged 12–17 had used marijuana in their lifetime, 12.4% in the past year, and 6.5% in the past month
- Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome:
- Associated with chronic, heavy, marijuana use
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Citation
Schaider, Jeffrey J., et al., editors. "Cannabinoids and Synthetic Cannabinoids Poisoning." 5-Minute Emergency Consult, 6th ed., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2020. Emergency Central, emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307724/all/Cannabinoids_and_Synthetic_Cannabinoids_Poisoning.
Cannabinoids and Synthetic Cannabinoids Poisoning. In: Schaider JJJ, Barkin RMR, Hayden SRS, et al, eds. 5-Minute Emergency Consult. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2020. https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307724/all/Cannabinoids_and_Synthetic_Cannabinoids_Poisoning. Accessed October 11, 2024.
Cannabinoids and Synthetic Cannabinoids Poisoning. (2020). In Schaider, J. J., Barkin, R. M., Hayden, S. R., Wolfe, R. E., Barkin, A. Z., Shayne, P., & Rosen, P. (Eds.), 5-Minute Emergency Consult (6th ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307724/all/Cannabinoids_and_Synthetic_Cannabinoids_Poisoning
Cannabinoids and Synthetic Cannabinoids Poisoning [Internet]. In: Schaider JJJ, Barkin RMR, Hayden SRS, Wolfe RER, Barkin AZA, Shayne PP, Rosen PP, editors. 5-Minute Emergency Consult. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2020. [cited 2024 October 11]. Available from: https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307724/all/Cannabinoids_and_Synthetic_Cannabinoids_Poisoning.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
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BT - 5-Minute Emergency Consult
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