Eating Disorders
Basics
Description
Anorexia Nervosa (AN)Description
- Restriction of intake, leading to markedly low body weight for age, height, and/or developmental trajectory
- Intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat, or behavior that prevents weight gain
- Severe body image disturbance, undue influence of body weight and shape on self-evaluation, or denial of seriousness of low body weight
- Lifetime prevalence: 0.9% of females, 0.3% of males in the U.S.
- Onset adolescence to young adult
Bulimia Nervosa (BN)
- Recurrent episodes of binge eating characterized by:
- Eating an unusually large amount of food in a discrete period of time
- A sense of loss of control over eating during the episode
- Recurrent inappropriate compensatory behaviors used to prevent weight gain:
- Self-induced vomiting
- Misuse of laxatives or enemas
- Diuretics
- Diet pills
- Fasting
- Excessive exercise
- Bingeing and compensation occur on average at least once a week for 3 mo
- Self-evaluation that is excessively influenced by weight or body shape
- Lifetime prevalence: 1.5% of females, 0.5% of males in the U.S.
- Commonly onset in late adolescence or early adulthood
Binge Eating Disorder (BED)
- Recurrent episodes of binge eating characterized by:
- Eating a larger than usual amount of food in a discrete period of time
- A sense of loss of control over eating during the episode
- Binge eating episodes associated with 3 or more of the following:
- Eating much more rapidly than normal
- Eating until feeling uncomfortably full
- Eating large amounts of food when not feeling physically hungry
- Eating alone because of embarrassment about how much one is eating
- Feeling disgusted with oneself, depressed, or very guilty after overeating
- Marked distress over binge eating
- Occurs on average at least once a week for 3 mo
- No compensatory behavior
- Lifetime prevalence: 3.5% of females and 2% males in the U.S.
- Onset in late adolescence or early adulthood
Etiology
Etiology
- Twin studies have supported a strong genetic component
- Cultural emphasis on thinness as a valued attribute has been implicated
- Temperament or personality attributes of perfectionism, anxiety, and behavioral rigidity have been described
- Family conflict or stress is a frequent element
- Neurochemical (serotonin) and neuroendocrinologic (leptin, HPA axis) abnormalities have been reported
- Dieting is a frequent immediate precipitant
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Citation
Schaider, Jeffrey J., et al., editors. "Eating Disorders." 5-Minute Emergency Consult, 6th ed., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2020. Emergency Central, emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307719/all/Eating_Disorders.
Eating Disorders. In: Schaider JJJ, Barkin RMR, Hayden SRS, et al, eds. 5-Minute Emergency Consult. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2020. https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307719/all/Eating_Disorders. Accessed December 3, 2024.
Eating Disorders. (2020). In Schaider, J. J., Barkin, R. M., Hayden, S. R., Wolfe, R. E., Barkin, A. Z., Shayne, P., & Rosen, P. (Eds.), 5-Minute Emergency Consult (6th ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307719/all/Eating_Disorders
Eating Disorders [Internet]. In: Schaider JJJ, Barkin RMR, Hayden SRS, Wolfe RER, Barkin AZA, Shayne PP, Rosen PP, editors. 5-Minute Emergency Consult. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2020. [cited 2024 December 03]. Available from: https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307719/all/Eating_Disorders.
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