5-Minute Emergency Consult
Ankle Fracture/dislocation
Ankle Fracture/dislocation is a topic covered in the 5-Minute Emergency Consult.
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Basics
Description
Common mechanisms and injury patterns of the ankle:Description
- Mechanism of injury:
- Inversion injury: Lateral ankle distraction and medial ankle compression
- Avulsion fracture of the lateral malleolus
- Oblique fracture of the medial malleolus
- Eversion injury: Medial ankle distraction and lateral ankle compression
- Avulsion fracture of medial malleolus
- Oblique fracture of the fibula
- External rotation injury:
- Disruption of the tibiofibular syndesmosis, or a fibular fracture above the plafond
- Anterior or posterior tibial fracture with separation of the distal tibia and fibula (unstable fracture)
- Inversion and external rotation (Maisonneuve fracture):
- Medial malleolus avulsion fracture or deltoid ligament tear
- Disruption of the tibiofibular syndesmosis
- Oblique fracture of the proximal fibula
- Inversion and dorsiflexion (snowboarders’ fracture):
- Fracture of the lateral process of the talus
- Inversion injury: Lateral ankle distraction and medial ankle compression
- Epidemiology
- Most ankle fractures are malleolar
- Common in young male and 50–70 yr old female
- Associated with cigarette use and high BMI
Pediatric Considerations
- Ankle fractures in children often involve the physis (growth plate):
- May result in angular deformity from growth plate injury
- Associated with sports requiring sudden changes in direction and obese children
- In children <10 yr old, growth plate is weaker than epiphysis
- Tillaux fracture: Salter–Harris type III injury of the anterolateral tibial epiphysis external rotation of the foot
- Triplane fracture: Uncommon fracture of distal tibia with fracture lines in 3 distinct planes (coronal, transverse, sagittal)
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Citation
Rosen, Peter, et al., editors. "Ankle Fracture/dislocation." 5-Minute Emergency Consult, 5th ed., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2016. Emergency Central, emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307690/all/Ankle_Fracture_dislocation.
Ankle Fracture/dislocation. In: Rosen P, Shayne P, Barkin AZ, et al, eds. 5-Minute Emergency Consult. 5th ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2016. https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307690/all/Ankle_Fracture_dislocation. Accessed October 20, 2019.
Ankle Fracture/dislocation. (2016). In Rosen, P., Shayne, P., Barkin, A. Z., Wolfe, R. E., Hayden, S. R., Barkin, R. M., & Schaider, J. J. (Eds.), 5-Minute Emergency Consult. Available from https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307690/all/Ankle_Fracture_dislocation
Ankle Fracture/dislocation [Internet]. In: Rosen P, Shayne P, Barkin AZ, Wolfe RE, Hayden SR, Barkin RM, Schaider JJ, editors. 5-Minute Emergency Consult. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2016. [cited 2019 October 20]. Available from: https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307690/all/Ankle_Fracture_dislocation.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
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