Parkinson Disease
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Basics
Description
- Gradual progressive neurologic disorder of middle or late life
- Degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra
- Accelerated cortical atrophy
- Only definitive diagnosis is on autopsy
- Can begin unilaterally, but generalizes to symmetric
- Lifetime risk: 2% in males, 1.3% in females
- Mean age of onset is 60 yr old
- May have symptoms 20 yr prior to diagnosis:
- Nonspecific:
- Fatigue
- Constipation
- Hyposomia
- Nonspecific:
Etiology
- Sporadic or idiopathic
- Disorders presenting with parkinsonism:
- Drug induced:
- Neuroleptics
- Antiemetics
- Chemotherapeutics
- Amphotericin B
- Toxins:
- Carbon monoxide
- Methanol
- Cyanide
- Organophosphate poisoning
- 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
- Brain lesions:
- Basal ganglia stroke
- Midbrain lesions
- Hydrocephalus
- CNS infections
- Other:
- Central pontine myelinolysis
- Encephalitis lethargica (autoantibodies against basal ganglia antigens)
- Drug induced:
-- To view the remaining sections of this topic, please log in or purchase a subscription --
Basics
Description
- Gradual progressive neurologic disorder of middle or late life
- Degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra
- Accelerated cortical atrophy
- Only definitive diagnosis is on autopsy
- Can begin unilaterally, but generalizes to symmetric
- Lifetime risk: 2% in males, 1.3% in females
- Mean age of onset is 60 yr old
- May have symptoms 20 yr prior to diagnosis:
- Nonspecific:
- Fatigue
- Constipation
- Hyposomia
- Nonspecific:
Etiology
- Sporadic or idiopathic
- Disorders presenting with parkinsonism:
- Drug induced:
- Neuroleptics
- Antiemetics
- Chemotherapeutics
- Amphotericin B
- Toxins:
- Carbon monoxide
- Methanol
- Cyanide
- Organophosphate poisoning
- 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
- Brain lesions:
- Basal ganglia stroke
- Midbrain lesions
- Hydrocephalus
- CNS infections
- Other:
- Central pontine myelinolysis
- Encephalitis lethargica (autoantibodies against basal ganglia antigens)
- Drug induced:
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