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Parkinson Disease

Parkinson Disease is a topic covered in the 5-Minute Emergency Consult.

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Basics

Description

Gradual progressive neurologic disorder of middle or late life
Degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra
Development of Lewy bodies in the residual dopaminergic neurons
Accelerated cortical atrophy
Can begin unilaterally, but generalizes to symmetric
Affects 1% of people >60 yr; 4% >80 yr
May have symptoms 20 yr prior to diagnosis
- Nonspecific:
  - Fatigue
  - Constipation
  - Hyposomia

Etiology

Sporadic or idiopathic
Disorders presenting with parkinsonism:
- Drug induced:
  - Parkinsonism-hyperpyrexia syndrome (dopaminergic drug withdrawal)
  - Amphotericin B
  - Chemotherapeutic drugs
  - Neuroleptic treatment induced
- Toxins:
  - Carbon monoxide
  - Methanol
  - Cyanide
  - Organophosphate poisoning
  - 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
- Brain lesions:
  - Basal ganglia stroke
  - Midbrain lesions
  - Hydrocephalus
- Infections:
  - Mycoplasma
  - Viral encephalitis
- Other:
  - Central pontine myelinosis
  - Encephalitis lethargica (autoantibodies against basal ganglia antigens)

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Citation

Barkin, Adam Z., et al., editors. "Parkinson Disease." 5-Minute Emergency Consult, 5th ed., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2016. Emergency Central, emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307675/all/Parkinson_Disease.

Parkinson Disease. In: Barkin AZ, Barkin RM, Hayden SR, et al, eds. 5-Minute Emergency Consult. 5th ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2016. https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307675/all/Parkinson_Disease. Accessed February 19, 2019.

Parkinson Disease. (2016). In Barkin, A. Z., Barkin, R. M., Hayden, S. R., Rosen, P., Schaider, J. J., Shayne, P., & Wolfe, R. E. (Eds.), 5-Minute Emergency Consult. Available from https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307675/all/Parkinson_Disease

Parkinson Disease [Internet]. In: Barkin AZ, Barkin RM, Hayden SR, Rosen P, Schaider JJ, Shayne P, Wolfe RE, editors. 5-Minute Emergency Consult. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2016. [cited 2019 February 19]. Available from: https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307675/all/Parkinson_Disease

* When formatting your citation, note that all book, journal, and database titles should be italicized* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case

TY - ELEC T1 - Parkinson Disease ID - 307675 ED - Barkin,Adam Z, ED - Barkin,Roger M, ED - Hayden,Stephen R, ED - Rosen,Peter, ED - Schaider,Jeffrey J, ED - Shayne,Philip, ED - Wolfe,Richard E, BT - 5-Minute Emergency Consult UR - https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307675/all/Parkinson_Disease PB - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ET - 5 DB - Emergency Central DP - Unbound Medicine ER -