Humerus Fracture
Humerus Fracture is a topic covered in the 5-Minute Emergency Consult.
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Basics
Description
Description
- Proximal humeral fractures:
- Typically described as nondisplaced, displaced, and/or fracture/dislocation
- Account for 5% of all fractures
- Increased incidence with age
- 4:1 female to male
- Vast majority of patients are >60 yr old
- 3rd most common osteoporotic fracture, after hip and distal radius fractures
- Neer classification: A system that identifies the number of fragments and their location:
- Fractures consist of 2–4-part fractures; the locations include the anatomic neck, surgical neck, greater tuberosity, and lesser tuberosity.
- Fracture/dislocations also part of the Neer classification
- Humeral shaft fractures:
- Account for <3% of fractures
- May be spiral, oblique, or transverse
- Humeral shaft fractures (AO classification):
- Simple
- Wedge
- Comminuted (complex)
Etiology
Etiology
- Proximal humerus fractures:
- Most often a history of a fall (low energy)
- Most common is fall on outstretched hand
- Less common is violent muscle contraction from shock or seizure or higher-energy injury
- Humeral shaft fractures:
- High-energy direct trauma (penetrating or blunt) or bending force
- Less common from fall
- Stress fractures from throwing injury
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Citation
Rosen, Peter, et al., editors. "Humerus Fracture." 5-Minute Emergency Consult, 5th ed., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2016. Emergency Central, emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307650/all/Humerus_Fracture.
Humerus Fracture. In: Rosen P, Shayne P, Barkin AZ, et al, eds. 5-Minute Emergency Consult. 5th ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2016. https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307650/all/Humerus_Fracture. Accessed December 7, 2019.
Humerus Fracture. (2016). In Rosen, P., Shayne, P., Barkin, A. Z., Wolfe, R. E., Hayden, S. R., Barkin, R. M., & Schaider, J. J. (Eds.), 5-Minute Emergency Consult. Available from https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307650/all/Humerus_Fracture
Humerus Fracture [Internet]. In: Rosen P, Shayne P, Barkin AZ, Wolfe RE, Hayden SR, Barkin RM, Schaider JJ, editors. 5-Minute Emergency Consult. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2016. [cited 2019 December 07]. Available from: https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307650/all/Humerus_Fracture.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
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