Central Retinal Artery Occlusion
Basics
Description
Description
- Obstruction of the central retinal artery associated with sudden painless loss of vision
- Usually occurs in persons 50–70 yr of age
- Ophthalmic artery is the first branch of carotid
- Risk factors include HTN, atherosclerotic disease, sickle cell disease, vasculitis, valvular heart disease, lupus, trauma, and coronary artery disease
- Incidence of 1–10/100,000
- Often described as a “stroke of the eye”
Etiology
Etiology
- Embolic:
- Occlusion by intravascular material from a proximal source:
- Atherosclerotic disease (majority)
- Carotid artery stenosis
- Valvular heart disease (cardiogenic emboli)
- Atrial myxoma
- Dissection of the ophthalmic artery
- Carotid artery dissection
- Occlusion by intravascular material from a proximal source:
- Thrombotic:
- Obstruction of flow from the rupture of a pre-existing intravascular atherosclerotic plaque
- Hypercoagulable states (sickle cell)
- Inflammatory:
- Due to giant cell arteritis, temporal arteritis, lupus, vasculitis
- Arterial spasm:
- Associated with migraine headaches
- Decreased perfusion:
- Low-flow conditions such as in severe hypotension or high-pressure situations seen in acute angle-closure glaucoma or retrobulbar hemorrhage
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Citation
Schaider, Jeffrey J., et al., editors. "Central Retinal Artery Occlusion." 5-Minute Emergency Consult, 6th ed., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2020. Emergency Central, emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307610/all/Central_Retinal_Artery_Occlusion.
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion. In: Schaider JJJ, Barkin RMR, Hayden SRS, et al, eds. 5-Minute Emergency Consult. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2020. https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307610/all/Central_Retinal_Artery_Occlusion. Accessed December 5, 2024.
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion. (2020). In Schaider, J. J., Barkin, R. M., Hayden, S. R., Wolfe, R. E., Barkin, A. Z., Shayne, P., & Rosen, P. (Eds.), 5-Minute Emergency Consult (6th ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307610/all/Central_Retinal_Artery_Occlusion
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion [Internet]. In: Schaider JJJ, Barkin RMR, Hayden SRS, Wolfe RER, Barkin AZA, Shayne PP, Rosen PP, editors. 5-Minute Emergency Consult. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2020. [cited 2024 December 05]. Available from: https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307610/all/Central_Retinal_Artery_Occlusion.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
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ED - Wolfe,Richard E,
BT - 5-Minute Emergency Consult
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