Glaucoma
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Basics
Description
Disease characterized by elevation of intraocular pressure, optic neuropathy, and progressive loss of vision
Etiology
- Primary glaucoma:
- Open-angle glaucoma:
- Normal anterior chamber angle
- Insidious onset with persistent rise in intraocular pressure
- Most common type accounting for 90% of glaucomas in the U.S.
- Leading cause of blindness in African Americans
- Risk factors include Chinese, African American, age >40 yr, family history, myopia, diabetes, and HTN
- Acute angle-closure glaucoma:
- Narrowing or closing of anterior chamber angle precluding natural flow of aqueous humor from posterior to anterior chamber of eye and through its filtering portion of trabecular meshwork
- Usually abrupt onset with sudden increase in intraocular pressure
- Risk factors include Asians and Eskimos, hyperopia, family history, increased age, and female gender
- Open-angle glaucoma:
- Secondary glaucoma occurs from other diseases, including diseases of eye, trauma, and drugs:
- Can be either open or closed angle
- Drugs: Steroids, sertraline, bronchodilators, topiramate
- Diseases: Neurofibromatosis, uveitis, neovascularization, and intraocular tumors
- Trauma
- Rapid correction of hyperglycemia
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Basics
Description
Disease characterized by elevation of intraocular pressure, optic neuropathy, and progressive loss of vision
Etiology
- Primary glaucoma:
- Open-angle glaucoma:
- Normal anterior chamber angle
- Insidious onset with persistent rise in intraocular pressure
- Most common type accounting for 90% of glaucomas in the U.S.
- Leading cause of blindness in African Americans
- Risk factors include Chinese, African American, age >40 yr, family history, myopia, diabetes, and HTN
- Acute angle-closure glaucoma:
- Narrowing or closing of anterior chamber angle precluding natural flow of aqueous humor from posterior to anterior chamber of eye and through its filtering portion of trabecular meshwork
- Usually abrupt onset with sudden increase in intraocular pressure
- Risk factors include Asians and Eskimos, hyperopia, family history, increased age, and female gender
- Open-angle glaucoma:
- Secondary glaucoma occurs from other diseases, including diseases of eye, trauma, and drugs:
- Can be either open or closed angle
- Drugs: Steroids, sertraline, bronchodilators, topiramate
- Diseases: Neurofibromatosis, uveitis, neovascularization, and intraocular tumors
- Trauma
- Rapid correction of hyperglycemia
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