Hyperemesis Gravidarum
Basics
Description
Description
- Hyperemesis gravidarum is the most severe form along the continuum of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy
 - Also known as pernicious vomiting of pregnancy
 - Characterized by unexplained intractable vomiting and dehydration
 - Occurs in 0.3–3% of pregnancies
 - Diagnosis of exclusion
 
Etiology
Etiology
- Exact cause unknown
 - Possible causes include the following:
- Elevated gestational hormone levels of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and/or estradiol
 - Thyrotoxicosis
 - Upper GI motility dysfunction
 - Hepatic abnormalities
 - Autonomic nervous system dysfunction
 - Psychological factors
 - Helicobacter pylori infection
 - Genetic predisposition
 
 
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Citation
Schaider, Jeffrey J., et al., editors. "Hyperemesis Gravidarum." 5-Minute Emergency Consult, 6th ed., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2020. Emergency Central, emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307550/all/Hyperemesis_Gravidarum. 
Hyperemesis Gravidarum. In: Schaider JJJ, Barkin RMR, Hayden SRS, et al, eds. 5-Minute Emergency Consult. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2020. https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307550/all/Hyperemesis_Gravidarum. Accessed November 4, 2025.
Hyperemesis Gravidarum. (2020). In Schaider, J. J., Barkin, R. M., Hayden, S. R., Wolfe, R. E., Barkin, A. Z., Shayne, P., & Rosen, P. (Eds.), 5-Minute Emergency Consult (6th ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307550/all/Hyperemesis_Gravidarum
Hyperemesis Gravidarum [Internet]. In: Schaider JJJ, Barkin RMR, Hayden SRS, Wolfe RER, Barkin AZA, Shayne PP, Rosen PP, editors. 5-Minute Emergency Consult. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2020. [cited 2025 November 04]. Available from: https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307550/all/Hyperemesis_Gravidarum.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
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T1  -  Hyperemesis Gravidarum
ID  -  307550
ED  -  Barkin,Adam Z,
ED  -  Shayne,Philip,
ED  -  Rosen,Peter,
ED  -  Schaider,Jeffrey J,
ED  -  Barkin,Roger M,
ED  -  Hayden,Stephen R,
ED  -  Wolfe,Richard E,
BT  -  5-Minute Emergency Consult
UR  -  https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307550/all/Hyperemesis_Gravidarum
PB  -  Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
ET  -  6
DB  -  Emergency Central
DP  -  Unbound Medicine
ER  -  

5-Minute Emergency Consult

