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Benzodiazepine Poisoning

Benzodiazepine Poisoning is a topic covered in the 5-Minute Emergency Consult.

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Basics

Description

Potentiates the activity of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the major inhibitory neurotransmitter, by binding to its own specific site
Also facilitates GABA binding to its site
Results in chloride influx, membrane hyperpolarization, and inhibition of cellular excitation:
- Benzodiazepines (BZDs) increase the frequency of chloride channel opening.
- Depresses spinal reflexes and reticular activating system
Rapidly absorbed from GI tract:
- Highly protein bound
- Large V_d
- Hepatic metabolism
- Duration of action is inversely proportional to lipophilicity with highly lipophilic drugs penetrating the CNS more rapidly.
- Duration of lorazepam > diazepam > midazolam.
- Synergistic with other sedative–hypnotic medications (e.g., ethanol, barbiturates, propofol)

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Citation

Barkin, Adam Z., et al., editors. "Benzodiazepine Poisoning." 5-Minute Emergency Consult, 5th ed., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2016. Emergency Central, emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307515/all/Benzodiazepine_Poisoning.

Benzodiazepine Poisoning. In: Barkin AZ, Barkin RM, Hayden SR, et al, eds. 5-Minute Emergency Consult. 5th ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2016. https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307515/all/Benzodiazepine_Poisoning. Accessed February 24, 2019.

Benzodiazepine Poisoning. (2016). In Barkin, A. Z., Barkin, R. M., Hayden, S. R., Rosen, P., Schaider, J. J., Shayne, P., & Wolfe, R. E. (Eds.), 5-Minute Emergency Consult. Available from https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307515/all/Benzodiazepine_Poisoning

Benzodiazepine Poisoning [Internet]. In: Barkin AZ, Barkin RM, Hayden SR, Rosen P, Schaider JJ, Shayne P, Wolfe RE, editors. 5-Minute Emergency Consult. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2016. [cited 2019 February 24]. Available from: https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307515/all/Benzodiazepine_Poisoning

* When formatting your citation, note that all book, journal, and database titles should be italicized* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case

TY - ELEC T1 - Benzodiazepine Poisoning ID - 307515 ED - Barkin,Adam Z, ED - Barkin,Roger M, ED - Hayden,Stephen R, ED - Rosen,Peter, ED - Schaider,Jeffrey J, ED - Shayne,Philip, ED - Wolfe,Richard E, BT - 5-Minute Emergency Consult UR - https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307515/all/Benzodiazepine_Poisoning PB - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ET - 5 DB - Emergency Central DP - Unbound Medicine ER -