Benzodiazepine Poisoning
Basics
Description
Description
- Potentiates the activity of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the major inhibitory neurotransmitter, by binding to its own specific site
- Also facilitates GABA binding to its site
- Results in chloride influx, membrane hyperpolarization, and inhibition of cellular excitation:
- Benzodiazepines (BZDs) increase the frequency of chloride channel opening
- Depresses spinal reflexes and reticular activating system
- Rapidly absorbed from GI tract:
- Highly protein bound
- Large Vd
- Most have hepatic metabolism, some have active metabolites
- Duration of action is inversely proportional to lipophilicity with highly lipophilic drugs penetrating the CNS more rapidly
- Duration of diazepam > lorazepam > midazolam
- Synergistic with other sedative–hypnotic medications (e.g., ethanol, barbiturates, propofol)
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Citation
Schaider, Jeffrey J., et al., editors. "Benzodiazepine Poisoning." 5-Minute Emergency Consult, 6th ed., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2020. Emergency Central, emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307515/all/Benzodiazepine_Poisoning.
Benzodiazepine Poisoning. In: Schaider JJJ, Barkin RMR, Hayden SRS, et al, eds. 5-Minute Emergency Consult. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2020. https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307515/all/Benzodiazepine_Poisoning. Accessed November 8, 2024.
Benzodiazepine Poisoning. (2020). In Schaider, J. J., Barkin, R. M., Hayden, S. R., Wolfe, R. E., Barkin, A. Z., Shayne, P., & Rosen, P. (Eds.), 5-Minute Emergency Consult (6th ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307515/all/Benzodiazepine_Poisoning
Benzodiazepine Poisoning [Internet]. In: Schaider JJJ, Barkin RMR, Hayden SRS, Wolfe RER, Barkin AZA, Shayne PP, Rosen PP, editors. 5-Minute Emergency Consult. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2020. [cited 2024 November 08]. Available from: https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307515/all/Benzodiazepine_Poisoning.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - ELEC
T1 - Benzodiazepine Poisoning
ID - 307515
ED - Barkin,Adam Z,
ED - Shayne,Philip,
ED - Rosen,Peter,
ED - Schaider,Jeffrey J,
ED - Barkin,Roger M,
ED - Hayden,Stephen R,
ED - Wolfe,Richard E,
BT - 5-Minute Emergency Consult
UR - https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307515/all/Benzodiazepine_Poisoning
PB - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
ET - 6
DB - Emergency Central
DP - Unbound Medicine
ER -