Hypercalcemia
Basics
Description
Description
- Severity depends on serum calcium level and rate of increase
- 0.1–1% of patients on routine screening
- Most cases mild (<12 mg/dL) and asymptomatic
- Hypercalcemic crisis, usually >14 mg/dL, causes serious signs and symptoms
- Calcium in bloodstream in 3 forms:
- Ionized: 50%
- Bound to protein (primarily albumin): 40%
- Bound to other anions: 10%
- Ionized calcium – only physiologically active form
Etiology
Etiology
- Primary hyperparathyroidism
- Malignancy
- Previous 2 account for 80% of cases
- Miscellaneous
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Citation
Schaider, Jeffrey J., et al., editors. "Hypercalcemia." 5-Minute Emergency Consult, 6th ed., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2020. Emergency Central, emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307496/all/Hypercalcemia.
Hypercalcemia. In: Schaider JJJ, Barkin RMR, Hayden SRS, et al, eds. 5-Minute Emergency Consult. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2020. https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307496/all/Hypercalcemia. Accessed December 10, 2024.
Hypercalcemia. (2020). In Schaider, J. J., Barkin, R. M., Hayden, S. R., Wolfe, R. E., Barkin, A. Z., Shayne, P., & Rosen, P. (Eds.), 5-Minute Emergency Consult (6th ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307496/all/Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia [Internet]. In: Schaider JJJ, Barkin RMR, Hayden SRS, Wolfe RER, Barkin AZA, Shayne PP, Rosen PP, editors. 5-Minute Emergency Consult. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2020. [cited 2024 December 10]. Available from: https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307496/all/Hypercalcemia.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
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BT - 5-Minute Emergency Consult
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PB - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
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