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    Visual Loss

    Visual Loss is a topic covered in the 5-Minute Emergency Consult.

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    Emergency Central

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    Basics

    Description

    • Decrease in visual function (i.e., visual acuity, visual fields, blurry vision)
    • Visual loss has many etiologies and can be caused by multiple body systems

    Etiology

    • Ophthalmologic:
      • Eyelid or tear film abnormality
      • Anterior segment (cornea, anterior chamber, iris, lens)
      • Posterior segment (vitreous, retina, optic nerve)
      • Posterior to the eye (optic nerve, chiasm, radiations)
    • Traumatic:
      • Corneal abrasion
      • Hyphema
      • Lens dislocation
      • Ruptured globe
      • Commotio retinae
      • Retinal detachment
      • Retinal/vitreous hemorrhage
      • Retrobulbar hemorrhage
      • Intraocular foreign body
    • Neurologic:
      • Cerebral (cerebrovascular accident [CVA]) or intracranial pathology (mass lesion)
      • Multiple sclerosis
      • Optic neuritis
      • Migraine
    • Cardiovascular system:
      • Embolic
      • Thrombotic
      • Ischemic
      • Hypertensive events
    • Immunologic system:
      • Uveitis
      • Giant cell arteritis
    • Infection:
      • Orbital cellulitis/abscess
      • Cavernous sinus thrombosis
      • HIV optic neuropathy or cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis
    • Endocrine:
      • Diabetic retinopathy
      • Thyroid disease may cause diplopia (muscle hypertrophy) or corneal erosions
    • Toxic:
      • Methanol (acute severe loss, subacute optic atrophy)
      • Licorice (transient loss, self-limited)
      • Digitalis (flashing lights, color changes)
      • Amiodarone (rare cause of optic neuropathy)

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    Citation

    Rosen, Peter, et al., editors. "Visual Loss." 5-Minute Emergency Consult, 5th ed., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2016. Emergency Central, emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307479/all/Visual_Loss.
    Visual Loss. In: Rosen P, Shayne P, Barkin AZ, et al, eds. 5-Minute Emergency Consult. 5th ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2016. https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307479/all/Visual_Loss. Accessed April 25, 2019.
    Visual Loss. (2016). In Rosen, P., Shayne, P., Barkin, A. Z., Wolfe, R. E., Hayden, S. R., Barkin, R. M., & Schaider, J. J. (Eds.), 5-Minute Emergency Consult. Available from https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307479/all/Visual_Loss
    Visual Loss [Internet]. In: Rosen P, Shayne P, Barkin AZ, Wolfe RE, Hayden SR, Barkin RM, Schaider JJ, editors. 5-Minute Emergency Consult. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2016. [cited 2019 April 25]. Available from: https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307479/all/Visual_Loss.
    * Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
    TY - ELEC T1 - Visual Loss ID - 307479 ED - Rosen,Peter, ED - Shayne,Philip, ED - Barkin,Adam Z, ED - Wolfe,Richard E, ED - Hayden,Stephen R, ED - Barkin,Roger M, ED - Schaider,Jeffrey J, BT - 5-Minute Emergency Consult UR - https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307479/all/Visual_Loss PB - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ET - 5 DB - Emergency Central DP - Unbound Medicine ER -