Cardiomyopathy

Basics

Description

Diseases of the myocardium associated with cardiac dysfunction:
  • Dilated:
    • Idiopathic in 25% of all cases of heart failure
  • Hypertrophic
  • Restrictive
  • Arrhythmogenic right ventricular (RV)
  • Unclassified cardiomyopathy
  • Specific cardiomyopathy:
    • Heart muscle disease associated with a systemic disease or condition

Pediatric Considerations
  • Genetic: 20–30%
  • Acquired
  • Idiopathic

Etiology

  • Dilated:
    • Idiopathic
    • Viral
    • Genetic/toxic
    • Immune
    • Familial
  • Hypertrophic:
    • Familial disease with autosomal dominance
  • Restrictive:
    • Idiopathic
    • Amyloid
  • Arrhythmogenic RV:
    • Familial disease with dominant and recessive patterns
  • Specific infectious:
    • Lyme disease
    • Viral
    • Chagas disease
    • HIV
  • Toxic agents:
    • Alcohol
    • Chemotherapeutic agents
  • Peripartum
  • Metabolic:
    • Hyperthyroidism
    • Pheochromocytoma
    • Takotsubo (stress catecholamine)
  • General system diseases:
    • Lupus
    • Scleroderma
    • Neuromuscular diseases
    • Amyloidosis

Pediatric Considerations
  • Idiopathic
  • Genetic:
    • Inborn errors of metabolism
    • Malformation syndromes
    • Neuromuscular disease
    • Familial isolated cardiomyopathy disorders
  • Acquired:
    • Vitamin and/or trace mineral deficiencies
    • Electrolyte disturbances
    • Endocrine disorders
    • Toxins
    • Collagen vascular disease
    • Immunologic disease
    • Malignancy
    • Morbid obesity
    • Myocarditis
    • Pulmonary disease
    • Kawasaki disease
    • Infection
    • Radiation
    • Congenital heart disease
    • Asphyxia

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