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    Arterial Occlusion

    Arterial Occlusion is a topic covered in the 5-Minute Emergency Consult.

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    Emergency Central

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    Basics

    Description

    Immediate and severe compromise of the blood supply to a limb, threatening its viability, secondary to the sudden blockage of a peripheral artery
    • Arterial embolization
      • Thrombus or plaque
      • Originates from aneurysms or atherosclerotic lesions
      • Emboli typically lodge where there is an acute narrowing of the artery
      • 75% of emboli involve an axial limb vasculature
        • Femoral 28%
        • Arm 20%
        • Aortoiliac 18%
        • Popliteal 17%
        • Visceral and other 9%
    • Thrombosis
    • Arterial dissection
    • Trauma
      • Crush injuries
      • Compression
      • Arterial contusion and thrombosis
      • Arterial transection
    • Limb ischemia >6 hr usually results in functional impairment or limb loss.
      • If acute on chronic, collateral circulation may preserve tissue beyond 6 hr.

    Etiology

    • Embolus:
      • Atrial fibrillation
      • Myocardial infarction
      • Valvular disease
      • Endocarditis
      • Atrial myxoma
      • Aneurysm
      • Atherosclerotic plaques
      • Paradoxical embolus
        • Patent foramen ovale
    • Thrombosis
      • Vascular grafts
      • Atherosclerosis
      • Thrombosis of an aneurysm
      • Entrapment syndrome
      • Blood clotting disorders
      • Low flow state
      • Heparin-induced thrombosis
    • Arterial dissection
    • Arterial injury:
      • Intimal flap
      • Dissection
      • Pseudoaneurysms
      • Iatrogenic
        • Catheterization
        • Arteriography
        • Balloon angioplasty
        • Complication of arterial puncture
      • Penetrating trauma
        • Gunshot, stab wounds, shotgun, shrapnel
        • IV drug use
      • Blunt trauma
        • Joint displacement
        • Fracture
        • Compartment syndrome

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    Citation

    Rosen, Peter, et al., editors. "Arterial Occlusion." 5-Minute Emergency Consult, 5th ed., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2016. Emergency Central, emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307447/all/Arterial_Occlusion.
    Arterial Occlusion. In: Rosen P, Shayne P, Barkin AZ, et al, eds. 5-Minute Emergency Consult. 5th ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2016. https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307447/all/Arterial_Occlusion. Accessed April 26, 2019.
    Arterial Occlusion. (2016). In Rosen, P., Shayne, P., Barkin, A. Z., Wolfe, R. E., Hayden, S. R., Barkin, R. M., & Schaider, J. J. (Eds.), 5-Minute Emergency Consult. Available from https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307447/all/Arterial_Occlusion
    Arterial Occlusion [Internet]. In: Rosen P, Shayne P, Barkin AZ, Wolfe RE, Hayden SR, Barkin RM, Schaider JJ, editors. 5-Minute Emergency Consult. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2016. [cited 2019 April 26]. Available from: https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307447/all/Arterial_Occlusion.
    * Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
    TY - ELEC T1 - Arterial Occlusion ID - 307447 ED - Rosen,Peter, ED - Shayne,Philip, ED - Barkin,Adam Z, ED - Wolfe,Richard E, ED - Hayden,Stephen R, ED - Barkin,Roger M, ED - Schaider,Jeffrey J, BT - 5-Minute Emergency Consult UR - https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307447/all/Arterial_Occlusion PB - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ET - 5 DB - Emergency Central DP - Unbound Medicine ER -