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Bite, Human

Bite, Human is a topic covered in the 5-Minute Emergency Consult.

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Basics

Description

3rd most common bite (after dogs and cats)
Most bites (up to 75%) occur during aggressive acts.
15–20% are related to sexual activity (love nips).
2 types of bites:
- Occlusional bites: Laceration or crush injury to affected body part:
  - Occurs when human teeth bite into the skin
  - More prone to infection than animal bites
- Clenched-fist injuries (CFIs) (CFIs; most serious type): Present as small wounds over metacarpophalangeal joints in dominant hand (fight bites):
  - Sustained from a clenched fist striking the mouth and teeth of another person
With joint relaxation from the clenched position:
- Puncture site sealed
- Oral bacteria inoculated in the anaerobic setting within the joint
- Bacterial inoculation carried by the tendons deeper into the potential spaces of the hand
- Increases chances for a more extensive infection

Etiology

Aerobic and anaerobic organisms:
- Most common:
  - Streptococcus
  - Staphylococcus
- Others:
  - Eikenella corrodens
  - Haemophilus influenzae
  - Peptostreptococcus
  - Corynebacterium
  - E. corrodens exhibits synergism with Streptococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacteroides, and gram-negative organisms
Although rare, case reports of viral transmission via bites (hepatitis, HIV, and herpes)

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Citation

Barkin, Adam Z., et al., editors. "Bite, Human." 5-Minute Emergency Consult, 5th ed., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2016. Emergency Central, emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307424/all/Bite__Human.

Bite, Human. In: Barkin AZ, Barkin RM, Hayden SR, et al, eds. 5-Minute Emergency Consult. 5th ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2016. https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307424/all/Bite__Human. Accessed February 18, 2019.

Bite, Human. (2016). In Barkin, A. Z., Barkin, R. M., Hayden, S. R., Rosen, P., Schaider, J. J., Shayne, P., & Wolfe, R. E. (Eds.), 5-Minute Emergency Consult. Available from https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307424/all/Bite__Human

Bite, Human [Internet]. In: Barkin AZ, Barkin RM, Hayden SR, Rosen P, Schaider JJ, Shayne P, Wolfe RE, editors. 5-Minute Emergency Consult. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2016. [cited 2019 February 18]. Available from: https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307424/all/Bite__Human

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TY - ELEC T1 - Bite, Human ID - 307424 ED - Barkin,Adam Z, ED - Barkin,Roger M, ED - Hayden,Stephen R, ED - Rosen,Peter, ED - Schaider,Jeffrey J, ED - Shayne,Philip, ED - Wolfe,Richard E, BT - 5-Minute Emergency Consult UR - https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307424/all/Bite__Human PB - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ET - 5 DB - Emergency Central DP - Unbound Medicine ER -