Mitral Valve Prolapse
Basics
Description
Description
- Bulging of 1 or both of the mitral valve leaflets into the left atrium during systole
- Occurs when the leaflet edges of the mitral valve do not coapt
- Commonly due to abnormal stretching of 1 of the mitral valve leaflets during systole:
- Myxomatous proliferation of the spongiosa layer within the valve causing focal interruption of the fibrosa layer
- Excessive stretching of the chordae tendineae, leading to traction on papillary muscles
- Theoretical explanations for associated chest pain:
- Focal ischemia from coronary microembolism due to platelet aggregates and fibrin deposits in the angles between the leaflets
- Coronary artery spasm
- Mitral regurgitation (MR) may occur in some patients
- Age of onset is 10–16 yr
- Female > male (3:1)
- Typically benign in young women, whereas men >50 yr tend to have serious sequelae and more often develop severe regurgitation requiring surgical intervention
- Can be identified by ECG in 2–4% of the general population and in 7% of autopsies
- A variety of neuroendocrine and autonomic disturbances occur in some patients
- Genetics:
- Strong hereditary component
- Sometimes transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait with varying penetrance
Etiology
Etiology
- Marfan syndrome
- Relapsing polychondritis
- Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (i.e., types I, II, IV)
- Osteogenesis imperfecta
- Pseudoxanthoma elasticum
- Stickler syndrome
- Systemic lupus erythematosus
- Polyarteritis nodosa
- Polycystic kidney disease
- von Willebrand syndrome
- Duchenne muscular dystrophy
There's more to see -- the rest of this topic is available only to subscribers.
Citation
Schaider, Jeffrey J., et al., editors. "Mitral Valve Prolapse." 5-Minute Emergency Consult, 6th ed., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2020. Emergency Central, emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307417/all/Mitral_Valve_Prolapse.
Mitral Valve Prolapse. In: Schaider JJJ, Barkin RMR, Hayden SRS, et al, eds. 5-Minute Emergency Consult. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2020. https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307417/all/Mitral_Valve_Prolapse. Accessed December 11, 2024.
Mitral Valve Prolapse. (2020). In Schaider, J. J., Barkin, R. M., Hayden, S. R., Wolfe, R. E., Barkin, A. Z., Shayne, P., & Rosen, P. (Eds.), 5-Minute Emergency Consult (6th ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307417/all/Mitral_Valve_Prolapse
Mitral Valve Prolapse [Internet]. In: Schaider JJJ, Barkin RMR, Hayden SRS, Wolfe RER, Barkin AZA, Shayne PP, Rosen PP, editors. 5-Minute Emergency Consult. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2020. [cited 2024 December 11]. Available from: https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307417/all/Mitral_Valve_Prolapse.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - ELEC
T1 - Mitral Valve Prolapse
ID - 307417
ED - Barkin,Adam Z,
ED - Shayne,Philip,
ED - Rosen,Peter,
ED - Schaider,Jeffrey J,
ED - Barkin,Roger M,
ED - Hayden,Stephen R,
ED - Wolfe,Richard E,
BT - 5-Minute Emergency Consult
UR - https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307417/all/Mitral_Valve_Prolapse
PB - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
ET - 6
DB - Emergency Central
DP - Unbound Medicine
ER -