Arthritis, Juvenile Idiopathic

Arthritis, Juvenile Idiopathic is a topic covered in the 5-Minute Emergency Consult.

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Basics

Description

  • Previously called JRA
  • JIA comprises persistent, unexplained arthritis lasting >6 wk, occurring <17 yr of age, and affecting a heterogeneous group of children.
  • Prevalence up to 1 in 1,000 children
  • Girls > boys for most forms
  • Classified into 7 subgroups: Systemic onset, polyarticular RF+, polyarticular RF-, pauciarticular, psoriatic, enthesitis, other or unclassified.
  • Subtypes are based on number, type, and symmetry of joints involved; presence of systemic symptoms; skin involvement; family history; and lab values.
  • Up to 20% of JIA patients remain unclassified or are classified in multiple categories.
  • Natural course of the disease depends on the subtype (pauciarticular with overall best prognosis), but full resolution occurs in <50% of JIA patients.
  • Many will have a fluctuating course and ongoing disease through adulthood.

Etiology

Believed to be an autoimmune disease triggered by an unknown environmental trigger in a genetically susceptible host

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