5-Minute Emergency Consult
Pulmonary Embolism
Pulmonary Embolism is a topic covered in the 5-Minute Emergency Consult.
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Basics
Description
Description
- The majority of pulmonary embolisms (PEs) arise from thrombi in the deep veins of the lower extremities and pelvis.
- Thrombi also originate in renal and upper extremity veins.
- After traveling to lungs, the size of the thrombus determines signs and symptoms.
Etiology
Etiology
- Most patients with PE have identifiable risk factor:
- Recent surgery
- Pregnancy
- Previous deep vein thrombosis (DVT)/PE
- Stroke or recent paraplegia
- Malignancy
- Age >50 yr
- Obesity
- Smoking
- Oral contraceptives
- Major trauma
- Hematologic risk factors:
- Factor 5 Leiden
- Protein C or S deficiency
- Antithrombin III deficiency
- Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome
- Lupus anticoagulant
Pediatric Considerations
- Thromboembolic disease is quite rare.
- Risk factors in children:
- Presence of central venous catheter
- Immobility
- Heart disease
- Trauma
- Malignancy
- Surgery
- Infection
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Basics
Description
Description
- The majority of pulmonary embolisms (PEs) arise from thrombi in the deep veins of the lower extremities and pelvis.
- Thrombi also originate in renal and upper extremity veins.
- After traveling to lungs, the size of the thrombus determines signs and symptoms.
Etiology
Etiology
- Most patients with PE have identifiable risk factor:
- Recent surgery
- Pregnancy
- Previous deep vein thrombosis (DVT)/PE
- Stroke or recent paraplegia
- Malignancy
- Age >50 yr
- Obesity
- Smoking
- Oral contraceptives
- Major trauma
- Hematologic risk factors:
- Factor 5 Leiden
- Protein C or S deficiency
- Antithrombin III deficiency
- Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome
- Lupus anticoagulant
Pediatric Considerations
- Thromboembolic disease is quite rare.
- Risk factors in children:
- Presence of central venous catheter
- Immobility
- Heart disease
- Trauma
- Malignancy
- Surgery
- Infection
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Citation
Rosen, Peter, et al., editors. "Pulmonary Embolism." 5-Minute Emergency Consult, 5th ed., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2016. Emergency Central, emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307411/all/Pulmonary_Embolism.
Pulmonary Embolism. In: Rosen P, Shayne P, Barkin AZ, et al, eds. 5-Minute Emergency Consult. 5th ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2016. https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307411/all/Pulmonary_Embolism. Accessed February 21, 2020.
Pulmonary Embolism. (2016). In Rosen, P., Shayne, P., Barkin, A. Z., Wolfe, R. E., Hayden, S. R., Barkin, R. M., & Schaider, J. J. (Eds.), 5-Minute Emergency Consult. Available from https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307411/all/Pulmonary_Embolism
Pulmonary Embolism [Internet]. In: Rosen P, Shayne P, Barkin AZ, Wolfe RE, Hayden SR, Barkin RM, Schaider JJ, editors. 5-Minute Emergency Consult. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2016. [cited 2020 February 21]. Available from: https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307411/all/Pulmonary_Embolism.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
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