Pulmonary Embolism
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Basics
Description
- The majority of pulmonary embolisms (PEs) arise from thrombi in the deep veins of the lower extremities and pelvis
- Thrombi also originate in renal and upper-extremity veins
- After traveling to lungs, the size of the thrombus determines signs and symptoms
Etiology
- Most patients with PE have identifiable risk factor:
- Recent surgery
- Pregnancy
- Previous deep vein thrombosis (DVT)/PE
- Stroke or recent paraplegia
- Malignancy
- Age >50 yr
- Obesity
- Smoking
- Oral contraceptives
- Major trauma
- Hematologic risk factors:
- Factor V Leiden
- Protein C or S deficiency
- Antithrombin III deficiency
- Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome
- Lupus anticoagulant
Pediatric Considerations
- Thromboembolic disease is quite rare
- Risk factors in children:
- Presence of central venous catheter
- Immobility
- Heart disease
- Trauma
- Malignancy
- Surgery
- Infection
-- To view the remaining sections of this topic, please log in or purchase a subscription --
Basics
Description
- The majority of pulmonary embolisms (PEs) arise from thrombi in the deep veins of the lower extremities and pelvis
- Thrombi also originate in renal and upper-extremity veins
- After traveling to lungs, the size of the thrombus determines signs and symptoms
Etiology
- Most patients with PE have identifiable risk factor:
- Recent surgery
- Pregnancy
- Previous deep vein thrombosis (DVT)/PE
- Stroke or recent paraplegia
- Malignancy
- Age >50 yr
- Obesity
- Smoking
- Oral contraceptives
- Major trauma
- Hematologic risk factors:
- Factor V Leiden
- Protein C or S deficiency
- Antithrombin III deficiency
- Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome
- Lupus anticoagulant
Pediatric Considerations
- Thromboembolic disease is quite rare
- Risk factors in children:
- Presence of central venous catheter
- Immobility
- Heart disease
- Trauma
- Malignancy
- Surgery
- Infection
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