Erythema Infectiosum
Basics
Description
Description
- Characteristic viral exanthem also known as fifth disease:
- Fifth most common childhood rash historically described
- Measles (first), scarlet fever (second), rubella (third), Duke disease (fourth), roseola (sixth)
- Common symptoms:
- Viral prodrome
- Followed by slapped-cheek rash
- Then subsequent diffuse reticular rash +/− arthropathy
- Most common in school-aged children <14 yr
- Usually self-limited with lasting immunity
- Rare complications and chronic cases in patients with congenital anemias or immunosuppression
- Potential for severe complications to fetus if infection acquired during pregnancy
- Possible link to encephalopathy, epilepsy, meningitis, myocarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy, autoimmune hepatitis, HSP, ITP
Etiology
Etiology
- Caused by human parvovirus B19, small SS-DNA virus:
- Infects human erythroid progenitor cells, suppressing erythropoiesis
- Most common in late winter and spring
- Transmitted via respiratory droplets and blood products as well as vertical maternal–fetal transmission
- Incubation period 4–21 d
- Most contagious during the week PRIOR to rash onset
- Majority of adults have serologic evidence of prior infection
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Citation
Schaider, Jeffrey J., et al., editors. "Erythema Infectiosum." 5-Minute Emergency Consult, 6th ed., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2020. Emergency Central, emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307389/all/Erythema_Infectiosum.
Erythema Infectiosum. In: Schaider JJJ, Barkin RMR, Hayden SRS, et al, eds. 5-Minute Emergency Consult. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2020. https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307389/all/Erythema_Infectiosum. Accessed November 8, 2024.
Erythema Infectiosum. (2020). In Schaider, J. J., Barkin, R. M., Hayden, S. R., Wolfe, R. E., Barkin, A. Z., Shayne, P., & Rosen, P. (Eds.), 5-Minute Emergency Consult (6th ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307389/all/Erythema_Infectiosum
Erythema Infectiosum [Internet]. In: Schaider JJJ, Barkin RMR, Hayden SRS, Wolfe RER, Barkin AZA, Shayne PP, Rosen PP, editors. 5-Minute Emergency Consult. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2020. [cited 2024 November 08]. Available from: https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307389/all/Erythema_Infectiosum.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
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BT - 5-Minute Emergency Consult
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