Hypothermia
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Basics
Description
- Body temperature <35°C
- Risk factors:
- Poor temperature regulation:
- Very young
- Advanced age
- Comorbid condition
- Intoxication
- Poor temperature regulation:
- Pathophysiology:
- Loss of heat:
- Radiation: Most rapid, 50% of heat loss
- Conduction
- Convection
- Evaporation
- Respiration
- Heat production:
- Shivering
- Nonshivering thermogenesis
- Increased thyroxine
- Increased epinephrine
- Loss of heat:
Etiology
- Dermal disease:
- Burn
- Exfoliative dermatitis
- Severe psoriasis
- Drug induced:
- Ethanol
- Phenothiazines
- Sedative–hypnotics
- Environmental:
- Immersion
- Nonimmersion
- Iatrogenic:
- Aggressive fluid replacement
- Heat stroke treatment
- Metabolic:
- Hypoadrenalism
- Hypopituitarism
- Hypothyroidism
- Neurologic:
- Acute spinal cord transection
- Head trauma
- Stroke
- Tumor
- Wernicke disease
- Neuromuscular inefficiency:
- Age extreme
- Impaired shivering
- Lack of acclimatization
- Sepsis
Pediatric Considerations
Infants have a large body surface to mass ratio Child abuse
-- To view the remaining sections of this topic, please log in or purchase a subscription --
Basics
Description
- Body temperature <35°C
- Risk factors:
- Poor temperature regulation:
- Very young
- Advanced age
- Comorbid condition
- Intoxication
- Poor temperature regulation:
- Pathophysiology:
- Loss of heat:
- Radiation: Most rapid, 50% of heat loss
- Conduction
- Convection
- Evaporation
- Respiration
- Heat production:
- Shivering
- Nonshivering thermogenesis
- Increased thyroxine
- Increased epinephrine
- Loss of heat:
Etiology
- Dermal disease:
- Burn
- Exfoliative dermatitis
- Severe psoriasis
- Drug induced:
- Ethanol
- Phenothiazines
- Sedative–hypnotics
- Environmental:
- Immersion
- Nonimmersion
- Iatrogenic:
- Aggressive fluid replacement
- Heat stroke treatment
- Metabolic:
- Hypoadrenalism
- Hypopituitarism
- Hypothyroidism
- Neurologic:
- Acute spinal cord transection
- Head trauma
- Stroke
- Tumor
- Wernicke disease
- Neuromuscular inefficiency:
- Age extreme
- Impaired shivering
- Lack of acclimatization
- Sepsis
Pediatric Considerations
Infants have a large body surface to mass ratio Child abuse
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