Mushroom Poisoning
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Basics
Description
- Amanitin/phalloidin:
- Species:
- Amanita phalloides (“death cap”)
- Amanita virosa/Amanita verna (“destroying angel”)
- Galerina marginata, Galerina venenata
- Mechanism:
- Cyclopeptide toxins inhibit RNA polymerase 2, which kills GI epithelium, hepatocytes, nephrocytes
- Species:
- Gyromitrin:
- Species:
- Gyromitra esculenta (“false morels”)
- Other Gyromitra spp.
- Mechanism:
- Gyromitrin hydrolyzed to monomethylhydrazine
- Inhibits pyridoxal phosphate
- Results in decreased GABA production
- Damage to RBCs, hepatocytes, neurons
- Species:
- Muscarine:
- Species:
- Inocybe (several species)
- Clitocybe (several species)
- Boletus sp.
- Rubinoboletus sp.
- Mechanism:
- Muscarine acts like acetylcholine resulting in parasympathomimetic symptoms
- Species:
- Coprine:
- Species:
- Coprinus atramentarius (“inky caps”)
- Mechanism:
- Blocks acetaldehyde dehydrogenase
- Causes disulfiram-like reaction if mixed with alcohol
- Species:
- Ibotenic acid/muscimol:
- Species:
- Amanita pantherina (“panther cap”)
- Amanita muscaria (“fly agaric”)
- Amanita ibotengutake (Japanese Ringed-Bulb)
- Mechanism:
- Ibotenic acid is derivative of glutamate
- Muscimol is GABA derivative
- Species:
- Psilocin/psilocybin:
- Species:
- Psilocybe and Panaeolus spp. as well as others
- Stalks may turn blue upon handling, nonspecific
- Mechanism:
- Similar structure to lysergic acid diethylamide, effect serotonin receptor
- Species:
- Gastric irritants:
- Many various mushrooms, including those normally considered edible
- Orellanine:
- Species:
- Cortinarius (several species)
- Mechanism:
- Direct renal toxicity
- Species:
- Neurovascular toxins
- Species:
- Clitocybe amoenolens (Poison Dwarf Bamboo mushroom)
- Clitocybe acromelalgia
- Mechanism:
- Acromelic acids A-E, Kainate analogs, peripheral glutamate receptors
- Species:
- Myotoxin
- Species:
- Tricholoma equestre (Yellow Knight, “man on horse”)
- Mechanism unknown, induces rhabdomyolysis
- Species:
-- To view the remaining sections of this topic, please log in or purchase a subscription --
Basics
Description
- Amanitin/phalloidin:
- Species:
- Amanita phalloides (“death cap”)
- Amanita virosa/Amanita verna (“destroying angel”)
- Galerina marginata, Galerina venenata
- Mechanism:
- Cyclopeptide toxins inhibit RNA polymerase 2, which kills GI epithelium, hepatocytes, nephrocytes
- Species:
- Gyromitrin:
- Species:
- Gyromitra esculenta (“false morels”)
- Other Gyromitra spp.
- Mechanism:
- Gyromitrin hydrolyzed to monomethylhydrazine
- Inhibits pyridoxal phosphate
- Results in decreased GABA production
- Damage to RBCs, hepatocytes, neurons
- Species:
- Muscarine:
- Species:
- Inocybe (several species)
- Clitocybe (several species)
- Boletus sp.
- Rubinoboletus sp.
- Mechanism:
- Muscarine acts like acetylcholine resulting in parasympathomimetic symptoms
- Species:
- Coprine:
- Species:
- Coprinus atramentarius (“inky caps”)
- Mechanism:
- Blocks acetaldehyde dehydrogenase
- Causes disulfiram-like reaction if mixed with alcohol
- Species:
- Ibotenic acid/muscimol:
- Species:
- Amanita pantherina (“panther cap”)
- Amanita muscaria (“fly agaric”)
- Amanita ibotengutake (Japanese Ringed-Bulb)
- Mechanism:
- Ibotenic acid is derivative of glutamate
- Muscimol is GABA derivative
- Species:
- Psilocin/psilocybin:
- Species:
- Psilocybe and Panaeolus spp. as well as others
- Stalks may turn blue upon handling, nonspecific
- Mechanism:
- Similar structure to lysergic acid diethylamide, effect serotonin receptor
- Species:
- Gastric irritants:
- Many various mushrooms, including those normally considered edible
- Orellanine:
- Species:
- Cortinarius (several species)
- Mechanism:
- Direct renal toxicity
- Species:
- Neurovascular toxins
- Species:
- Clitocybe amoenolens (Poison Dwarf Bamboo mushroom)
- Clitocybe acromelalgia
- Mechanism:
- Acromelic acids A-E, Kainate analogs, peripheral glutamate receptors
- Species:
- Myotoxin
- Species:
- Tricholoma equestre (Yellow Knight, “man on horse”)
- Mechanism unknown, induces rhabdomyolysis
- Species:
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