Diabetic Ketoacidosis
To view the entire topic, please log in or purchase a subscription.
Emergency Central is a collection of disease, drug, and test information including 5-Minute Emergency Medicine Consult, Davis’s Drug, McGraw-Hill Medical’s Diagnosaurus®, Pocket Guide to Diagnostic Tests, and MEDLINE Journals created for emergency medicine professionals. Explore these free sample topics:
-- The first section of this topic is shown below --
Basics
Description
- Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA):
- Hyperglycemia
- Ketosis
- Metabolic acidosis
- Mild DKA:
- Arterial pH: 7.25–7.3
- Serum bicarb (mmol/L): 15–18
- Anion gap: >10
- Mental status: Alert
- Moderate DKA:
- Arterial pH: 7.0–<7.24
- Serum bicarb (mmol/L): 10–<15
- Anion gap: >12
- Mental status: Alert/drowsy
- Severe DKA:
- Arterial pH: <7.0
- Serum bicarb (mmol/L): <10
- Anion gap: >12
- Mental status: Stupor/coma
Etiology
- Inadequate insulin
- Excess of counter-regulatory hormones (glucagon, catecholamines, growth hormones, and cortisol)
- Medication noncompliance
- Infection (sepsis, UTI, pneumonia)
- New-onset diabetes
- Pregnancy
- Hyperthyroidism
- Pancreatitis
-- To view the remaining sections of this topic, please log in or purchase a subscription --
Basics
Description
- Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA):
- Hyperglycemia
- Ketosis
- Metabolic acidosis
- Mild DKA:
- Arterial pH: 7.25–7.3
- Serum bicarb (mmol/L): 15–18
- Anion gap: >10
- Mental status: Alert
- Moderate DKA:
- Arterial pH: 7.0–<7.24
- Serum bicarb (mmol/L): 10–<15
- Anion gap: >12
- Mental status: Alert/drowsy
- Severe DKA:
- Arterial pH: <7.0
- Serum bicarb (mmol/L): <10
- Anion gap: >12
- Mental status: Stupor/coma
Etiology
- Inadequate insulin
- Excess of counter-regulatory hormones (glucagon, catecholamines, growth hormones, and cortisol)
- Medication noncompliance
- Infection (sepsis, UTI, pneumonia)
- New-onset diabetes
- Pregnancy
- Hyperthyroidism
- Pancreatitis
There's more to see -- the rest of this topic is available only to subscribers.