5-Minute Emergency Consult
Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis
Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis is a topic covered in the 5-Minute Emergency Consult.
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Basics
Description
Description
- Periodontal disease
- Characterized by the “punched-out” appearance of the gingival papillae
- Synonym(s):
- Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
- Trench mouth
- Vincent disease
- Fusospirochetal gingivitis
- Not contagious
- Occurs most often in children and young adults in developing nations
- Mainly occurs in sub-Saharan Africa
- Rare; seen mostly in immunocompromised patients
- Males > females
- Can progress to more advanced disease:
- Necrotizing stomatitis:
- Similar to necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis with extension to the tongue and buccal mucosa
- Necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis:
- Similar to necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis with periodontal attachment loss and alveolar bone involvement
- Orofacial gangrene (noma)
- Necrotizing stomatitis:
Etiology
Etiology
- Caused by an overgrowth of oral flora
- Prevotella intermedia
- Spirochetes
- Predisposing factors (not required for diagnosis):
- Poor oral hygiene/gingivitis
- Immunodeficiencies (e.g., HIV)
- Immunosuppression
- Malnutrition
- Smoking
- Emotional and physical stress
- Possible association with direct contact to certain chemicals (e.g., MDMA or ecstasy)
-- To view the remaining sections of this topic, please log in or purchase a subscription --
Basics
Description
Description
- Periodontal disease
- Characterized by the “punched-out” appearance of the gingival papillae
- Synonym(s):
- Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
- Trench mouth
- Vincent disease
- Fusospirochetal gingivitis
- Not contagious
- Occurs most often in children and young adults in developing nations
- Mainly occurs in sub-Saharan Africa
- Rare; seen mostly in immunocompromised patients
- Males > females
- Can progress to more advanced disease:
- Necrotizing stomatitis:
- Similar to necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis with extension to the tongue and buccal mucosa
- Necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis:
- Similar to necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis with periodontal attachment loss and alveolar bone involvement
- Orofacial gangrene (noma)
- Necrotizing stomatitis:
Etiology
Etiology
- Caused by an overgrowth of oral flora
- Prevotella intermedia
- Spirochetes
- Predisposing factors (not required for diagnosis):
- Poor oral hygiene/gingivitis
- Immunodeficiencies (e.g., HIV)
- Immunosuppression
- Malnutrition
- Smoking
- Emotional and physical stress
- Possible association with direct contact to certain chemicals (e.g., MDMA or ecstasy)
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Citation
Schaider, Jeffrey J., et al., editors. "Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis." 5-Minute Emergency Consult, 5th ed., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2016. Emergency Central, emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307310/all/Necrotizing_Ulcerative_Gingivitis.
Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis. In: Schaider JJJ, Barkin RMR, Hayden SRS, et al, eds. 5-Minute Emergency Consult. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2016. https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307310/all/Necrotizing_Ulcerative_Gingivitis. Accessed March 30, 2023.
Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis. (2016). In Schaider, J. J., Barkin, R. M., Hayden, S. R., Wolfe, R. E., Barkin, A. Z., Shayne, P., & Rosen, P. (Eds.), 5-Minute Emergency Consult (5th ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307310/all/Necrotizing_Ulcerative_Gingivitis
Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis [Internet]. In: Schaider JJJ, Barkin RMR, Hayden SRS, Wolfe RER, Barkin AZA, Shayne PP, Rosen PP, editors. 5-Minute Emergency Consult. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2016. [cited 2023 March 30]. Available from: https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307310/all/Necrotizing_Ulcerative_Gingivitis.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
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ED - Wolfe,Richard E,
BT - 5-Minute Emergency Consult
UR - https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307310/all/Necrotizing_Ulcerative_Gingivitis
PB - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
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