Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis
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Basics
Description
- Periodontal disease
- Characterized by the “punched-out” appearance of the gingival papillae
- Synonym(s):
- Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
- Trench mouth
- Vincent disease
- Fusospirochetal gingivitis
- Not contagious
- Occurs most often in children and young adults in developing nations
- Mainly occurs in sub-Saharan Africa
- Rare; seen mostly in immunocompromised patients
- Males > females
- Can progress to more advanced disease:
- Necrotizing stomatitis:
- Similar to necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis with extension to the tongue and buccal mucosa
- Necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis:
- Similar to necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis with periodontal attachment loss and alveolar bone involvement
- Orofacial gangrene (noma)
- Necrotizing stomatitis:
Etiology
- Caused by an overgrowth of oral flora
- Prevotella intermedia
- Spirochetes
- Predisposing factors (not required for diagnosis):
- Poor oral hygiene/gingivitis
- Immunodeficiencies (e.g., HIV)
- Immunosuppression
- Malnutrition
- Smoking
- Emotional and physical stress
- Possible association with direct contact to certain chemicals (e.g., MDMA or ecstasy)
-- To view the remaining sections of this topic, please log in or purchase a subscription --
Basics
Description
- Periodontal disease
- Characterized by the “punched-out” appearance of the gingival papillae
- Synonym(s):
- Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
- Trench mouth
- Vincent disease
- Fusospirochetal gingivitis
- Not contagious
- Occurs most often in children and young adults in developing nations
- Mainly occurs in sub-Saharan Africa
- Rare; seen mostly in immunocompromised patients
- Males > females
- Can progress to more advanced disease:
- Necrotizing stomatitis:
- Similar to necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis with extension to the tongue and buccal mucosa
- Necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis:
- Similar to necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis with periodontal attachment loss and alveolar bone involvement
- Orofacial gangrene (noma)
- Necrotizing stomatitis:
Etiology
- Caused by an overgrowth of oral flora
- Prevotella intermedia
- Spirochetes
- Predisposing factors (not required for diagnosis):
- Poor oral hygiene/gingivitis
- Immunodeficiencies (e.g., HIV)
- Immunosuppression
- Malnutrition
- Smoking
- Emotional and physical stress
- Possible association with direct contact to certain chemicals (e.g., MDMA or ecstasy)
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