5-Minute Emergency Consult
Hyperkalemia
Hyperkalemia is a topic covered in the 5-Minute Emergency Consult.
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Basics
Description
Description
- Hyperkalemia: Serum potassium >5.5 mEq/L
- Mild: 5.5–6.4 mEq/L
- Moderate: 6.5–7.5 mEq/L
- Severe: >7.5 mEq/L
- 98% of total body potassium is found intracellularly
- Cellular potassium gradient is maintained by Na-K ATPase
- Functions of intra and extracellular potassium gradient:
- Resting cell membrane potential
- Cardiac activity
- Muscle and nerve activity
Etiology
Etiology
- Increased intake:
- Potassium supplementation
- Food high in potassium
- RBC transfusion
- Impaired excretion:
- Acute kidney injury
- Hypoaldosteronism
- Primary renal tubular defect
- Pseudohyperkalemia:
- Hemolysis
- IV fluid with potassium
- Cooling of blood specimen
- Medication induced:
- ACE inhibitors
- Potassium sparing diuretics
- Penicillin G potassium
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Basics
Description
Description
- Hyperkalemia: Serum potassium >5.5 mEq/L
- Mild: 5.5–6.4 mEq/L
- Moderate: 6.5–7.5 mEq/L
- Severe: >7.5 mEq/L
- 98% of total body potassium is found intracellularly
- Cellular potassium gradient is maintained by Na-K ATPase
- Functions of intra and extracellular potassium gradient:
- Resting cell membrane potential
- Cardiac activity
- Muscle and nerve activity
Etiology
Etiology
- Increased intake:
- Potassium supplementation
- Food high in potassium
- RBC transfusion
- Impaired excretion:
- Acute kidney injury
- Hypoaldosteronism
- Primary renal tubular defect
- Pseudohyperkalemia:
- Hemolysis
- IV fluid with potassium
- Cooling of blood specimen
- Medication induced:
- ACE inhibitors
- Potassium sparing diuretics
- Penicillin G potassium
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Citation
Schaider, Jeffrey J., et al., editors. "Hyperkalemia." 5-Minute Emergency Consult, 5th ed., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2016. Emergency Central, emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307305/all/Hyperkalemia.
Hyperkalemia. In: Schaider JJJ, Barkin RMR, Hayden SRS, et al, eds. 5-Minute Emergency Consult. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2016. https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307305/all/Hyperkalemia. Accessed April 17, 2021.
Hyperkalemia. (2016). In Schaider, J. J., Barkin, R. M., Hayden, S. R., Wolfe, R. E., Barkin, A. Z., Shayne, P., & Rosen, P. (Eds.), 5-Minute Emergency Consult (5th edition). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307305/all/Hyperkalemia
Hyperkalemia [Internet]. In: Schaider JJJ, Barkin RMR, Hayden SRS, Wolfe RER, Barkin AZA, Shayne PP, Rosen PP, editors. 5-Minute Emergency Consult. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2016. [cited 2021 April 17]. Available from: https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307305/all/Hyperkalemia.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
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