Glomerulonephritis
Glomerulonephritis is a topic covered in the 5-Minute Emergency Consult.
To view the entire topic, please sign in or purchase a subscription.
Emergency Central is a collection of disease, drug, and test information including 5-Minute Emergency Medicine Consult, Davis’s Drug, McGraw-Hill Medical’s Diagnosaurus®, Pocket Guide to Diagnostic Tests, and MEDLINE Journals created for emergency medicine professionals. Explore these free sample topics:
-- The first section of this topic is shown below --
Basics
Description
Description
- Syndrome characterized by:
- Hematuria
- Proteinuria
- Red blood cell casts
- Hypertension
- Renal insufficiency
- Common pathway of multiple diseases resulting in intraglomerular inflammation and cellular proliferation
- Contributing factors:
- Genetics
- Infectious
- Rheumatologic
- Leading to antibody deposition:
- Antibody attaches to glomerular antigen (native or implanted).
- Circulating antigen–antibody complex deposited
- Causing an influx and activation of inflammatory mediators:
- Leukocytes, complement, cytokines
- Cell-mediated immune mechanisms
- Results in glomerular dysfunction
- Persistent inflammation that can lead to scarring and permanent damage.
Etiology
Etiology
- Postinfectious:
- Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN):
- Occurs 7–21 days after Streptococcal pharyngitis or skin infection
- Highest prevalence in ages 2–14 and the elderly
- Male predominance
- Ranges from asymptomatic hematuria to oliguric renal failure
- Can follow other bacterial, fungal, viral, or parasitic infections
- Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN):
- IgA nephropathy (Berger disease):
- Most common in men in the 3rd and 4th decades of life
- Possibly related to increased production of IgA after infection usually a URI
- Henoch–Schönlein purpura (HSP) has IgA nephropathy but affects a younger age and has systemic symptoms
- Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN):
- Can destroy renal function in days
- Crescentic deposits in glomeruli destroy function.
- Pauci-immune (small vessel vasculitides):
- Often antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-positive
- Can involve other areas (i.e., lungs, skin)
- Wegener granulomatosis
- Microscopic polyangiitis
- Churg–Strauss syndrome
- Immune complex deposits:
- Postinfectious
- Endocarditis associated
- Systemic disease (i.e., systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE], HSP)
- Anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) deposits:
- Older patients of age >60
- Goodpasture disease with pulmonary involvement
- Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN):
- Complement deposits in basement membrane
- Hepatitis C
- Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
- Occult infection
-- To view the remaining sections of this topic, please sign in or purchase a subscription --
Citation
Rosen, Peter, et al., editors. "Glomerulonephritis." 5-Minute Emergency Consult, 5th ed., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2016. Emergency Central, emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307288/1.3/Glomerulonephritis.
Glomerulonephritis. In: Rosen P, Shayne P, Barkin AZ, et al, eds. 5-Minute Emergency Consult. 5th ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2016. https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307288/1.3/Glomerulonephritis. Accessed December 5, 2019.
Glomerulonephritis. (2016). In Rosen, P., Shayne, P., Barkin, A. Z., Wolfe, R. E., Hayden, S. R., Barkin, R. M., & Schaider, J. J. (Eds.), 5-Minute Emergency Consult. Available from https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307288/1.3/Glomerulonephritis
Glomerulonephritis [Internet]. In: Rosen P, Shayne P, Barkin AZ, Wolfe RE, Hayden SR, Barkin RM, Schaider JJ, editors. 5-Minute Emergency Consult. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2016. [cited 2019 December 05]. Available from: https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307288/1.3/Glomerulonephritis.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - ELEC
T1 - Glomerulonephritis
ID - 307288
ED - Rosen,Peter,
ED - Shayne,Philip,
ED - Barkin,Adam Z,
ED - Wolfe,Richard E,
ED - Hayden,Stephen R,
ED - Barkin,Roger M,
ED - Schaider,Jeffrey J,
BT - 5-Minute Emergency Consult
UR - https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307288/1.3/Glomerulonephritis
PB - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
ET - 5
DB - Emergency Central
DP - Unbound Medicine
ER -