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    Asthma, Adult

    Asthma, Adult is a topic covered in the 5-Minute Emergency Consult.

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    Emergency Central

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    Basics

    Description

    • Increased expiratory resistance:
      • Airway inflammation
      • Bronchospasm
      • Mucosal edema
      • Mucous plugging
      • Smooth muscle hypertrophy
    • Consequences:
      • Air trapping
      • Airway remodeling
      • Increased dead space
      • Hyperinflation
    • Status asthmaticus refers to disease that does not respond to therapy within 30–60 min
    • Risk factors for life-threatening disease:
      • Prior intubations
      • Intensive care unit admissions
      • Chronic steroid use
      • Hospital admission for asthma during the past year
      • Inadequate medical management
      • Increasing age
      • Ethnicity (African Americans)
      • Lack of access to medical care
      • Multiple comorbidities

    Etiology

    • Inflammatory process of the airways evidenced by episodic and reversible airflow obstruction and hyper-responsiveness with many cells and cellular elements contributing to the disease:
      • Neutrophils
      • Mast cells
      • Eosinophils
      • Macrophages
      • T lymphocytes
      • Epithelial cells
      • Cytokines
    • Triggers:
      • Pollen
      • Dust mites
      • Molds
      • Animal dander
      • Other environmental allergens
      • Viral upper respiratory infections
      • Occupational chemicals
      • Tobacco smoke
      • Environmental change
      • Cold air
      • Exercise induced
      • Emotional factors
      • Menstrual associated
      • Drugs:
        • Aspirin
        • NSAIDs
        • β-blockers

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    Citation

    Rosen, Peter, et al., editors. "Asthma, Adult." 5-Minute Emergency Consult, 5th ed., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2016. Emergency Central, emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307267/all/Asthma__Adult.
    Asthma, Adult. In: Rosen P, Shayne P, Barkin AZ, et al, eds. 5-Minute Emergency Consult. 5th ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2016. https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307267/all/Asthma__Adult. Accessed April 24, 2019.
    Asthma, Adult. (2016). In Rosen, P., Shayne, P., Barkin, A. Z., Wolfe, R. E., Hayden, S. R., Barkin, R. M., & Schaider, J. J. (Eds.), 5-Minute Emergency Consult. Available from https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307267/all/Asthma__Adult
    Asthma, Adult [Internet]. In: Rosen P, Shayne P, Barkin AZ, Wolfe RE, Hayden SR, Barkin RM, Schaider JJ, editors. 5-Minute Emergency Consult. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2016. [cited 2019 April 24]. Available from: https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307267/all/Asthma__Adult.
    * Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
    TY - ELEC T1 - Asthma, Adult ID - 307267 ED - Rosen,Peter, ED - Shayne,Philip, ED - Barkin,Adam Z, ED - Wolfe,Richard E, ED - Hayden,Stephen R, ED - Barkin,Roger M, ED - Schaider,Jeffrey J, BT - 5-Minute Emergency Consult UR - https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307267/all/Asthma__Adult PB - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ET - 5 DB - Emergency Central DP - Unbound Medicine ER -