Urinary Tract Infections, Pediatric
To view the entire topic, please log in or purchase a subscription.
Emergency Central is a collection of disease, drug, and test information including 5-Minute Emergency Medicine Consult, Davis’s Drug, McGraw-Hill Medical’s Diagnosaurus®, Pocket Guide to Diagnostic Tests, and MEDLINE Journals created for emergency medicine professionals. Explore these free sample topics:
-- The first section of this topic is shown below --
Basics
Description
- Bacteria colonize via retrograde contamination of rectal or perineal flora:
- Infants – often hematogenous spread
- Older children – vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) major risk
- UTI is defined by culture of a single organism of >50,000/mL on a catheterized or suprapubic specimen. Other collection techniques are not routinely used in young children for definitive diagnosis
- By 6 yr of age, 2% of boys and 8% of girls have had a UTI
- In infants 0–3 mo old, UTI is associated with a 30% incidence of sepsis
- Predisposing factors:
- Poor perineal hygiene
- Short urethra of female
- Female > male
- Infrequent voiding
- Constipation
- Sexual activity
- Male circumcision probably reduces risk
- Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)/obstruction to flow
- Bladder dysfunction
- Hypercalciuria
Etiology
- UTI found in 4–7% of febrile infants
- Bacterial agents:
- Escherichia coli accounts for 80%
- Klebsiella pneumoniae
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Enterobacter species
- Proteus species
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Enterococcus species
-- To view the remaining sections of this topic, please log in or purchase a subscription --
Basics
Description
- Bacteria colonize via retrograde contamination of rectal or perineal flora:
- Infants – often hematogenous spread
- Older children – vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) major risk
- UTI is defined by culture of a single organism of >50,000/mL on a catheterized or suprapubic specimen. Other collection techniques are not routinely used in young children for definitive diagnosis
- By 6 yr of age, 2% of boys and 8% of girls have had a UTI
- In infants 0–3 mo old, UTI is associated with a 30% incidence of sepsis
- Predisposing factors:
- Poor perineal hygiene
- Short urethra of female
- Female > male
- Infrequent voiding
- Constipation
- Sexual activity
- Male circumcision probably reduces risk
- Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)/obstruction to flow
- Bladder dysfunction
- Hypercalciuria
Etiology
- UTI found in 4–7% of febrile infants
- Bacterial agents:
- Escherichia coli accounts for 80%
- Klebsiella pneumoniae
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Enterobacter species
- Proteus species
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Enterococcus species
There's more to see -- the rest of this topic is available only to subscribers.