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    Pancreatitis

    Pancreatitis is a topic covered in the 5-Minute Emergency Consult.

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    Emergency Central

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    Basics

    Description

    • Inflammation of pancreas due to activation, interstitial liberation, and digestion of gland by its ownenzymes
    • Acute pancreatitis:
      • Exocrine and endocrine function of gland impaired for weeks to months
      • Glandular function will return to normal.
    • Chronic pancreatitis:
      • Exocrine and endocrine function progressively deteriorates with resultant steatorrhea and malabsorption.
      • Dysfunction progressive and irreversible
    • Pancreatic pseudocyst:
      • Cystic collection of fluid with high content of pancreatic enzymes surrounded by a wall of fibrous tissue lacking a true epithelial lining
      • Localized in parenchyma of pancreas or adjacent abdominal spaces (lesser peritoneal sac)
      • Requires 4–6 wk to form from onset of acute pancreatitis

    Etiology

    • Gallstones and alcohol abuse most common causes of acute pancreatitis (75–80%)
    • Alcohol abuse accounts for 70–80% of chronic pancreatitis.
    • Acute:
      • Biliary tract disease
      • Chronic alcoholism
      • Obstruction of pancreatic duct
      • Ischemia
      • Medications
      • Infectious
      • Postoperative
      • Post-ERCP
      • Metabolic diseases
      • Trauma
      • Scorpion venom
      • Penetrating peptic ulcer
      • Hereditary
    • Chronic:
      • Chronic alcoholism
      • Obstruction pancreatic duct
      • Tropical
      • Hereditary
      • Shwachman disease
      • Enzyme deficiency
      • Idiopathic
      • Hyperlipedemia
      • Hypercalcemia
    • Pancreatic pseudocyst:
      • Complication in 5–16% of acute pancreatitis; 20–40% of chronic pancreatitis

    Pediatric Considerations
    Causes mainly viral, trauma, and medications

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    Citation

    Rosen, Peter, et al., editors. "Pancreatitis." 5-Minute Emergency Consult, 5th ed., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2016. Emergency Central, emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307076/all/Pancreatitis.
    Pancreatitis. In: Rosen P, Shayne P, Barkin AZ, et al, eds. 5-Minute Emergency Consult. 5th ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2016. https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307076/all/Pancreatitis. Accessed April 23, 2019.
    Pancreatitis. (2016). In Rosen, P., Shayne, P., Barkin, A. Z., Wolfe, R. E., Hayden, S. R., Barkin, R. M., & Schaider, J. J. (Eds.), 5-Minute Emergency Consult. Available from https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307076/all/Pancreatitis
    Pancreatitis [Internet]. In: Rosen P, Shayne P, Barkin AZ, Wolfe RE, Hayden SR, Barkin RM, Schaider JJ, editors. 5-Minute Emergency Consult. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2016. [cited 2019 April 23]. Available from: https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307076/all/Pancreatitis.
    * Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
    TY - ELEC T1 - Pancreatitis ID - 307076 ED - Rosen,Peter, ED - Shayne,Philip, ED - Barkin,Adam Z, ED - Wolfe,Richard E, ED - Hayden,Stephen R, ED - Barkin,Roger M, ED - Schaider,Jeffrey J, BT - 5-Minute Emergency Consult UR - https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307076/all/Pancreatitis PB - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ET - 5 DB - Emergency Central DP - Unbound Medicine ER -