5-Minute Emergency Consult
Pancreatitis
Pancreatitis is a topic covered in the 5-Minute Emergency Consult.
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Basics
Description
Description
- Inflammation of pancreas due to activation, interstitial liberation, and digestion of gland by its own enzymes
- Acute pancreatitis:
- Exocrine and endocrine function of gland impaired for weeks to months
- Glandular function will return to normal
- Chronic pancreatitis:
- Exocrine and endocrine functions progressively deteriorate with resultant steatorrhea and malabsorption
- Dysfunction progressive and irreversible
- Pancreatic pseudocyst:
- Cystic collection of fluid with high content of pancreatic enzymes surrounded by a wall of fibrous tissue lacking a true epithelial lining
- Localized in parenchyma of pancreas or adjacent abdominal spaces (lesser peritoneal sac)
- Requires 4–6 wk to form from onset of acute pancreatitis
Etiology
Etiology
- Gallstones and alcohol abuse most common causes of acute pancreatitis (75–80%)
- Alcohol abuse accounts for 70–80% of chronic pancreatitis
- Acute:
- Biliary tract disease
- Chronic alcoholism
- Obstruction of pancreatic duct
- Ischemia
- Medications
- Infectious
- Postoperative
- Post-ERCP
- Metabolic diseases
- Trauma
- Scorpion venom
- Penetrating peptic ulcer
- Hereditary
- Chronic:
- Chronic alcoholism
- Obstruction pancreatic duct
- Tropical
- Hereditary
- Shwachman disease
- Enzyme deficiency
- Idiopathic
- Hyperlipidemia
- Hypercalcemia
- Pancreatic pseudocyst:
- Complication in 5–16% of acute pancreatitis; 20–40% of chronic pancreatitis
Pediatric Considerations
Causes mainly viral, trauma, medications, anatomic abnormalities
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Basics
Description
Description
- Inflammation of pancreas due to activation, interstitial liberation, and digestion of gland by its own enzymes
- Acute pancreatitis:
- Exocrine and endocrine function of gland impaired for weeks to months
- Glandular function will return to normal
- Chronic pancreatitis:
- Exocrine and endocrine functions progressively deteriorate with resultant steatorrhea and malabsorption
- Dysfunction progressive and irreversible
- Pancreatic pseudocyst:
- Cystic collection of fluid with high content of pancreatic enzymes surrounded by a wall of fibrous tissue lacking a true epithelial lining
- Localized in parenchyma of pancreas or adjacent abdominal spaces (lesser peritoneal sac)
- Requires 4–6 wk to form from onset of acute pancreatitis
Etiology
Etiology
- Gallstones and alcohol abuse most common causes of acute pancreatitis (75–80%)
- Alcohol abuse accounts for 70–80% of chronic pancreatitis
- Acute:
- Biliary tract disease
- Chronic alcoholism
- Obstruction of pancreatic duct
- Ischemia
- Medications
- Infectious
- Postoperative
- Post-ERCP
- Metabolic diseases
- Trauma
- Scorpion venom
- Penetrating peptic ulcer
- Hereditary
- Chronic:
- Chronic alcoholism
- Obstruction pancreatic duct
- Tropical
- Hereditary
- Shwachman disease
- Enzyme deficiency
- Idiopathic
- Hyperlipidemia
- Hypercalcemia
- Pancreatic pseudocyst:
- Complication in 5–16% of acute pancreatitis; 20–40% of chronic pancreatitis
Pediatric Considerations
Causes mainly viral, trauma, medications, anatomic abnormalities
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Citation
Schaider, Jeffrey J., et al., editors. "Pancreatitis." 5-Minute Emergency Consult, 5th ed., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2016. Emergency Central, emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307076/all/Pancreatitis.
Pancreatitis. In: Schaider JJJ, Barkin RMR, Hayden SRS, et al, eds. 5-Minute Emergency Consult. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2016. https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307076/all/Pancreatitis. Accessed July 29, 2021.
Pancreatitis. (2016). In Schaider, J. J., Barkin, R. M., Hayden, S. R., Wolfe, R. E., Barkin, A. Z., Shayne, P., & Rosen, P. (Eds.), 5-Minute Emergency Consult (5th edition). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307076/all/Pancreatitis
Pancreatitis [Internet]. In: Schaider JJJ, Barkin RMR, Hayden SRS, Wolfe RER, Barkin AZA, Shayne PP, Rosen PP, editors. 5-Minute Emergency Consult. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2016. [cited 2021 July 29]. Available from: https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307076/all/Pancreatitis.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
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