Pancreatitis
Pancreatitis is a topic covered in the 5-Minute Emergency Consult.
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Basics
Description
Description
- Inflammation of pancreas due to activation, interstitial liberation, and digestion of gland by its ownenzymes
- Acute pancreatitis:
- Exocrine and endocrine function of gland impaired for weeks to months
- Glandular function will return to normal.
- Chronic pancreatitis:
- Exocrine and endocrine function progressively deteriorates with resultant steatorrhea and malabsorption.
- Dysfunction progressive and irreversible
- Pancreatic pseudocyst:
- Cystic collection of fluid with high content of pancreatic enzymes surrounded by a wall of fibrous tissue lacking a true epithelial lining
- Localized in parenchyma of pancreas or adjacent abdominal spaces (lesser peritoneal sac)
- Requires 4–6 wk to form from onset of acute pancreatitis
Etiology
Etiology
- Gallstones and alcohol abuse most common causes of acute pancreatitis (75–80%)
- Alcohol abuse accounts for 70–80% of chronic pancreatitis.
- Acute:
- Biliary tract disease
- Chronic alcoholism
- Obstruction of pancreatic duct
- Ischemia
- Medications
- Infectious
- Postoperative
- Post-ERCP
- Metabolic diseases
- Trauma
- Scorpion venom
- Penetrating peptic ulcer
- Hereditary
- Chronic:
- Chronic alcoholism
- Obstruction pancreatic duct
- Tropical
- Hereditary
- Shwachman disease
- Enzyme deficiency
- Idiopathic
- Hyperlipedemia
- Hypercalcemia
- Pancreatic pseudocyst:
- Complication in 5–16% of acute pancreatitis; 20–40% of chronic pancreatitis
Pediatric Considerations
Causes mainly viral, trauma, and medications
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Citation
Rosen, Peter, et al., editors. "Pancreatitis." 5-Minute Emergency Consult, 5th ed., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2016. Emergency Central, emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307076/all/Pancreatitis.
Pancreatitis. In: Rosen P, Shayne P, Barkin AZ, et al, eds. 5-Minute Emergency Consult. 5th ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2016. https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307076/all/Pancreatitis. Accessed October 13, 2019.
Pancreatitis. (2016). In Rosen, P., Shayne, P., Barkin, A. Z., Wolfe, R. E., Hayden, S. R., Barkin, R. M., & Schaider, J. J. (Eds.), 5-Minute Emergency Consult. Available from https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307076/all/Pancreatitis
Pancreatitis [Internet]. In: Rosen P, Shayne P, Barkin AZ, Wolfe RE, Hayden SR, Barkin RM, Schaider JJ, editors. 5-Minute Emergency Consult. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2016. [cited 2019 October 13]. Available from: https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307076/all/Pancreatitis.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
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