5-Minute Emergency Consult
Optic Neuritis
Optic Neuritis is a topic covered in the 5-Minute Emergency Consult.
To view the entire topic, please log in or purchase a subscription.
Emergency Central is a collection of disease, drug, and test information including 5-Minute Emergency Medicine Consult, Davis’s Drug, McGraw-Hill Medical’s Diagnosaurus®, Pocket Guide to Diagnostic Tests, and MEDLINE Journals created for emergency medicine professionals. Explore these free sample topics:
-- The first section of this topic is shown below --
Basics
Description
Description
- Optic nerve dysfunction due to an inflammatory process, commonly associated with myelin destruction, leading to acute vision loss
- Highly associated with multiple sclerosis (MS); presenting feature in 15–20% of MS patients
- Grouped by site of inflammation:
- Papillitis: Inflammation of the optic disk
- Retrobulbar neuritis: Inflammation of the optic nerve proximal to the globe
- 5 yr risk for clinically definite MS following optic neuritis:
- Normal MRI – 16%
- >3 lesions on MRI – 51%
- Recurrence is seen in 35% of patients
Etiology
Etiology
- Idiopathic:
- Most common
- Single isolated events
- MS:
- 20–50% of patients with optic neuritis
- Likely genetic component
- High prevalence of A23, B7, and DR2 HLA alleles in patients with optic neuritis
- Viral infections:
- Chicken pox
- Measles
- Mononucleosis
- HSV and HZV
- Encephalitis
- Postviral optic neuritis:
- Usually occurs 4–6 wk after a nonspecific viral illness
- Granulomatous inflammation:
- TB
- Syphilis
- Sarcoidosis
- Cryptococcal infection
- SLE
- HIV:
- Cytomegalovirus
- Toxoplasmosis
- Histoplasmosis
- Cryptococcus
- Lyme disease
- Contiguous inflammation of meninges, orbit, sinuses, and intraocular inflammation
- Drug induced:
- Amiodarone
- Ethambutol
- Tamoxifen
-- To view the remaining sections of this topic, please log in or purchase a subscription --
Basics
Description
Description
- Optic nerve dysfunction due to an inflammatory process, commonly associated with myelin destruction, leading to acute vision loss
- Highly associated with multiple sclerosis (MS); presenting feature in 15–20% of MS patients
- Grouped by site of inflammation:
- Papillitis: Inflammation of the optic disk
- Retrobulbar neuritis: Inflammation of the optic nerve proximal to the globe
- 5 yr risk for clinically definite MS following optic neuritis:
- Normal MRI – 16%
- >3 lesions on MRI – 51%
- Recurrence is seen in 35% of patients
Etiology
Etiology
- Idiopathic:
- Most common
- Single isolated events
- MS:
- 20–50% of patients with optic neuritis
- Likely genetic component
- High prevalence of A23, B7, and DR2 HLA alleles in patients with optic neuritis
- Viral infections:
- Chicken pox
- Measles
- Mononucleosis
- HSV and HZV
- Encephalitis
- Postviral optic neuritis:
- Usually occurs 4–6 wk after a nonspecific viral illness
- Granulomatous inflammation:
- TB
- Syphilis
- Sarcoidosis
- Cryptococcal infection
- SLE
- HIV:
- Cytomegalovirus
- Toxoplasmosis
- Histoplasmosis
- Cryptococcus
- Lyme disease
- Contiguous inflammation of meninges, orbit, sinuses, and intraocular inflammation
- Drug induced:
- Amiodarone
- Ethambutol
- Tamoxifen
There's more to see -- the rest of this topic is available only to subscribers.
Citation
Schaider, Jeffrey J., et al., editors. "Optic Neuritis." 5-Minute Emergency Consult, 5th ed., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2016. Emergency Central, emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307054/all/Optic_Neuritis.
Optic Neuritis. In: Schaider JJJ, Barkin RMR, Hayden SRS, et al, eds. 5-Minute Emergency Consult. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2016. https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307054/all/Optic_Neuritis. Accessed March 27, 2023.
Optic Neuritis. (2016). In Schaider, J. J., Barkin, R. M., Hayden, S. R., Wolfe, R. E., Barkin, A. Z., Shayne, P., & Rosen, P. (Eds.), 5-Minute Emergency Consult (5th ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307054/all/Optic_Neuritis
Optic Neuritis [Internet]. In: Schaider JJJ, Barkin RMR, Hayden SRS, Wolfe RER, Barkin AZA, Shayne PP, Rosen PP, editors. 5-Minute Emergency Consult. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2016. [cited 2023 March 27]. Available from: https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307054/all/Optic_Neuritis.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - ELEC
T1 - Optic Neuritis
ID - 307054
ED - Barkin,Adam Z,
ED - Shayne,Philip,
ED - Rosen,Peter,
ED - Schaider,Jeffrey J,
ED - Barkin,Roger M,
ED - Hayden,Stephen R,
ED - Wolfe,Richard E,
BT - 5-Minute Emergency Consult
UR - https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307054/all/Optic_Neuritis
PB - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
ET - 5
DB - Emergency Central
DP - Unbound Medicine
ER -
