Neonatal Sepsis
Basics
Description
MechanismDescription
- Life-threatening infection of the newborn, rarely occurring as late as 3 mo of age
- Overwhelmingly bacterial:
- Rarely viral or fungal infection
- Organisms usually present in the maternal perineal flora
- Occurs in 3–5 newborns per 1,000 live births
- Risk factors:
- Perinatal:
- History of recent fever (>37.5°C)
- UTI
- Chorioamnionitis
- Prolonged rupture of membranes (PROM) (>18 hr)
- Foul lochia
- Uterine tenderness
- Intrapartum asphyxia
- Neonatal:
- Prematurity
- Fetal tachycardia (>180 beats/min)
- Male
- Twinning (esp second twin)
- Developmental or congenital immune defects
- Administration of IM iron
- Galactosemia
- Congenital anomaly (urinary tract, asplenia, myelomeningocele, sinus tract)
- Omphalitis
- Perinatal:
Etiology
SepsisEtiology
- Bacterial:
- Group B Streptococcus
- Escherichia coli
- Listeria monocytogenes
- Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus
- Treponema pallidum
- Viral:
- Herpes simplex is a common viral etiology
- Enterovirus
- Adenovirus
- Fungi:
- Candida species
- Protozoa:
- Malaria
- Borrelia
Meningitis
- Bacterial:
- Group B Streptococcus
- E. coli type K1
- L. monocytogenes
- Other Streptococci
- Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae
- Coagulase-positive and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus
- Less commonly: Klebsiella, Enterobacter
- Pseudomonas, T. pallidum, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- Citrobacter diversus (important cause of brain abscess)
- Additional pathogens: Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum
- Viral:
- Enteroviruses
- Herpes simplex virus (type 2 more commonly)
- Cytomegaloviruses
- Rubella
- HIV
- Toxoplasma gondii
- Fungi:
- Candida albicans and other fungi
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Citation
Schaider, Jeffrey J., et al., editors. "Neonatal Sepsis." 5-Minute Emergency Consult, 6th ed., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2020. Emergency Central, emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307042/all/Neonatal_Sepsis.
Neonatal Sepsis. In: Schaider JJJ, Barkin RMR, Hayden SRS, et al, eds. 5-Minute Emergency Consult. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2020. https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307042/all/Neonatal_Sepsis. Accessed November 4, 2024.
Neonatal Sepsis. (2020). In Schaider, J. J., Barkin, R. M., Hayden, S. R., Wolfe, R. E., Barkin, A. Z., Shayne, P., & Rosen, P. (Eds.), 5-Minute Emergency Consult (6th ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307042/all/Neonatal_Sepsis
Neonatal Sepsis [Internet]. In: Schaider JJJ, Barkin RMR, Hayden SRS, Wolfe RER, Barkin AZA, Shayne PP, Rosen PP, editors. 5-Minute Emergency Consult. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2020. [cited 2024 November 04]. Available from: https://emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307042/all/Neonatal_Sepsis.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
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T1 - Neonatal Sepsis
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BT - 5-Minute Emergency Consult
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