Opioid dependence and withdrawal

DDx

Dependence

  • Other drug dependence, eg, alcohol, amphetamines
  • Underlying psychiatric disease, eg, depression, personality disorder
Withdrawal
  • Other drug withdrawal, eg, alcohol, benzodiazepines, amphetamines, cocaine
  • Nausea or vomiting due to other causes
  • Influenza or other viral syndrome

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