Seizure

Etiology

• Idiopathic (epilepsy)
• Hypoglycemia
• Drugs: alcohol withdrawal, cocaine, amphetamines, benzodiazepine withdrawal, heroin withdrawal, SSRIs
• Electrolyte abnormality, eg, hyponatremia, hypocalcemia
• Infection: bacterial meningitis, herpes encephalitis, neurocysticercosis, neurosyphilis
• Space-occupying lesion, eg, brain tumor, arteriovenous malformation
• Trauma
• Stroke
• CNS vasculitis, eg, systemic lupus erythematosus
• Uremia
• Febrile seizures
• Congenital abnormality or perinatal injury
• Degenerative disease, eg, Alzheimer’s disease