Stroke

Etiology

• Embolic: atrial fibrillation, carotid atherosclerosis, left ventricular aneurysm, dilated cardiomyopathy, acute myocardial infarction, endocarditis, mechanical valve, mitral valve prolapse, aortic arch atherosclerosis, atrial myxoma, patent foramen ovale
• Thrombotic: atherosclerosis, small vessel ischemia, vasculitis, eg, systemic lupus erythematosus, polycythemia, thrombocytosis, sickle cell disease, meningovascular syphilis, arterial dissection or aneurysm, eg, intracerebral carotid or vertebral
• Hemorrhagic: hypertension, amyloidosis, conversion of ischemic stroke, cocaine