Pleural effusion
Etiology
Etiology
Etiology
Transudates
- Congestive heart failure (most common)
- Cirrhosis with ascites
- Nephrotic syndrome
- Peritoneal dialysis
- Myxedema
- Acute atelectasis
- Constrictive pericarditis
- Superior vena cava obstruction
- Pulmonary embolism
- Urinothorax (due to obstructive uropathy)
Exudates - Pneumonia (parapneumonic effusion)
- Cancer
- Pulmonary embolism
- Empyema
- Tuberculosis
- Connective tissue disease (eg, rheumatoid arthritis)
- Viral infection
- Fungal infection
- Rickettsial infection
- Parasitic infection (eg, Paragonimus)
- Asbestos
- Meigs' syndrome
- Pancreatic disease
- Uremia
- Chronic atelectasis
- Trapped lung
- Chylothorax
- Sarcoidosis
- Drug reaction
- Post-myocardial infarction syndrome
- Esophageal rupture
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