Jaundice (icterus)

DDx

Hyperbilirubinemia

Unconjugated (indirect bilirubin)

• Increased production: hemolysis, hematoma, pulmonary infarction
• Impaired uptake and storage: posthepatitis hyperbilirubinemia, Gilbert's syndrome, Crigler-Najjar syndrome, drugs

Conjugated (direct bilirubin)

• Biliary obstruction: choledocholithiasis, pancreatic tumor, biliary stricture, primary sclerosing cholangitis, biliary duct carcinoma
• Hepatocellular damage or intrahepatic cholestasis: hepatitis (eg, alcoholic, viral), hepatic cirrhosis, biliary cirrhosis, drugs, sepsis, cholangitis, liver abscess, Budd-Chiari syndrome, infectious mononucleosis, spirochetal infection, infiltrative disease (tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, lymphoma), industrial toxins
• Hereditary bilirubin excretion defect: Dubin-Johnson syndrome, Rotor's syndrome

Other causes of yellow skin

• Carotenemia (excessive beta-carotene ingestion, especially in hypothyroidism)