Male hypogonadism

Etiology

Hypogonadotropic (low or normal LH)

  • Hypopituitarism, eg, pituitary adenoma
  • Cushing's syndrome
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Hyperprolactinemia
  • Hemochromatosis
  • Estrogen-secreting tumor (testicular, adrenal)
  • Idiopathic
  • GnRH agonist therapy, eg, leuprolide
  • Drugs: alcohol, ketoconazole, spironolactone, marijuana, prior androgens, phenytoin, cimetidine, intrathecal opioids
  • Anorexia nervosa
  • Cirrhosis
  • Serious illness or malnutrition
  • Kallmann syndrome
  • Prader-Willi syndrome
Hypergonadotropic (primary testicular failure; high LH)
  • Male climacteric (andropause or male menopause)
  • Klinefelter syndrome
  • Orchitis, eg, mumps, gonorrhea, tuberculosis, leprosy
  • Radiation therapy
  • Cancer chemotherapy
  • Autoimmune
  • Uremia
  • Testicular trauma or torsion
  • Lymphoma
  • Myotonic dystrophy
  • Androgen insensitivity
  • Idiopathic

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