Hyperthyroidism

Etiology

• Graves' disease
• Toxic multinodular goiter
• Toxic adenoma
• Subacute (de Quervain's) thyroiditis
• Hashimoto's thyroiditis (may have initial hyperthyroid phase)
• Exogenous thyroid hormone ingestion
• Postpartum thyroiditis
• Jod-Basedow phenomenon (in endemic or multinodular goiter, hyperthyroidism due to high iodine intake, eg, amiodarone, radiocontrast)
• Thyroiditis after radioiodine administration
• Amiodarone-induced thyroiditis
• Struma ovarii
• High hCG level: pregnancy, trophoblastic tumor, testicular malignancy
• Thyroid secreting hormone hypersecretion by pituitary tumor (rare)
• "Subclinical" hyperthyroidism: low thyroid secreting hormone, clinically euthyroid, normal T4, common in elderly (10%), risk of atrial fibrillation and osteoporosis