Mallory–weiss Syndrome
Basics
Basics
Basics
Description
Description
- Partial-thickness intraluminal longitudinal mucosal tear of distal esophagus or proximal stomach
- Sudden increase in intra-abdominal and/or transgastric pressure causes:
- Mild to moderate submucosal arterial and/or venous bleeding:
- May be related to underlying pathology
- “Mushrooming” of stomach into esophagus during retching has been observed endoscopically.
- Responsible for ∼8–15% of all cases of upper GI bleeding
Etiology
Etiology
- Associated with:
- Forceful coughing, laughing, or retching
- Lifting
- Straining
- Blunt abdominal trauma
- Seizures
- Childbirth
- Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
- Risk factors:
- Alcoholics:
- Especially after recent binge
- Patients with hiatal hernia
- Hyperemesis gravidarum
- Diabetic ketoacidosis
- Chemotherapy
- Greater bleeding associated with:
- Portal hypertension
- Esophageal varices
- Coagulopathy
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