Mandibular Fractures

Description

• Typically due to a direct force
• The most common area fractured is the angle, followed by the condyle, molar, and mental regions
• Because of its thickness, the mandibular symphysis is rarely fractured
• Multiple fractures are seen in >50% of cases owing to the ring-like structure of the mandible
• Bilateral mandibular fractures most commonly result from motor vehicle accidents (MVAs)
• Open fractures are common, including lacerations of the gum overlying a fracture

Etiology

• The mandible is the third most common facial fracture following nasal and zygomatic fractures
• MVAs, personal violence, contact sports, or industrial accidents
• Patients are often intoxicated and unable to give a clear history of events
• Facial and head lacerations and facial fractures are the most commonly associated injuries

• Mandibular fractures are uncommon in children <6 yr of age; when they do occur, they are often greenstick fractures and can be managed with soft diet alone
• Inform parents that because any fracture of the mandible may damage permanent teeth, follow-up with a specialty consultant is advisable
• Refer pediatric patients to a specialist with experience in children due to issues with growth plates and permanent teeth